东太湖沼泽化发展趋势及驱动因素分析.pdfVIP

第 20 卷第 3 期 环 　境 　科 　学 　学 　报 Vol . 20 ,No . 3 2000 年 5 月 AC TA SCIEN T IA E CIRCU M STAN T IA E May ,2000 ( ) 文章编号 2000 　　　中图分类号 :P94 178 　　　文献标识码 :A 东太湖沼泽化发展趋势及驱动因素分析 ( 吴庆龙 , 胡耀辉 , 李文朝 , 陈开宁 ,潘继征 　 中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所 , 南京 　 2 10008) 摘要 :东太湖沼泽化呈加速发展的趋势 :无沼泽化湖区面积显著减少 , 由 1959 年的 90 % 降至 23 9 % ; 沼泽化综合指数由 1959 年的 147 增加到 2 4 1. 这与近 40 年来湖区人类活动强度增强有关 :沿湖合理的池塘养殖可以延缓局部湖区的沼泽化 进程 ;但外来污染、围垦 、滥种挺水水生植物以及网围养殖的过度发展等显著地促进了沼泽化的发展. 关键词 :东太湖 ;沼泽化 ;趋势 ;原因 Tendency of swa mpiness of East Ta ihu Lake and its causes ( WU Qinglong , HU Yaohui ,L I Wenchao , CHEN Kaining , PAN Jizheng 　 Nanjing Institute of Geograp hy Limnology ,Chinese Academy of Sciences ,Nanjing 2 10008) Abstract :Over 50 % of East Taihu Lake is in swampiness. From 1959 to 1997 ,t he average swampiness index of East Taihu Lake rose from 1. 47 to 2 . 4 1 ,t he percentage of non swampiness declined from 90 % to only 23 . 9 %. The percentage of low level swamp and slight swamp increased from 4 . 2 % and 0 to 35 % and 28 . 5 %. In t he past 40 years ,t he increasing speed was quite different . The in dex increased about 0 . 358 from 1993 to 1997 ,but it only got a raise of 0 . 08 from 1980 to 1993 . Apparently it suggest s t hat t he swampiness is speeding up at present . The causes of t he speeding swampiness include reclamation ,exotic poilution ,transplantation and excessive pen culture . Reasonable and scientific develop ment of fish pen culture can slow down t he process of swamping t hrough use of water plant ,however excessive pen culture may affect utilization of water plant greatly and promote swampiness. Therefore it is urgen