1.中西文化比较要点解析.ppt

Lines and Circles:A Contrastive Study of Western and Chinese Cultures环性与线性 —— 中西文化比较 Zuo Biao What is culture? Culture consists of patterns, explicit and implicit of and for behavior acquired and transmitted by symbols, constituting the distinctive achievement of human groups, including their embodiment in artifacts; the essential core of culture consists of traditional historically derived and selected ideas and especially their attached values. Culture systems may, on the one hand, be considered as products of action, on the other hand, as conditioning elements of future action. — Alfred Kroeber and Clyde Kluckhohn two American anthropologists, 1961） 文化是由通过符号所获得并传播的显性及隐性行为模式所构成，这种行为模式形成人类群体的特征，包括它们在人工制品中的体现；文化的核心部分是传统的（源于历史并经历史选择的）观念，尤其是价值观。文化系统，一方面可被视为人们行为的产品，另一方面又可被看作是规约未来行为的条件。 —克洛依伯、克勒克荷恩 美国人类学家 Essentials of Culture External （外在文化 / 有形文化） *behavior – language, gestures, customs 行为 — 语言、手势、习俗等 *products – literature, art, music, artifacts 产品 — 文学、艺术、音乐、人工制品、建筑等 Internal （内核文化 / 无形文化） *ideas – beliefs, values, morals 观念 — 信仰、价值观、道德观等 Essentials of Culture Dead （死文化 ） *products achievements – literature, art, music, artifacts, architecture 产品 — 文学、艺术、音乐、人工制品、建筑等 Living （活文化 ） *ideas – beliefs, values, morals 观念 — 信仰、价值观、道德观等 *behavior – language, gestures, customs 行为 — 语言、手势、习俗等 Cultures: Universality and Individuality　文化的共性与个性 Commonality of human nature 人性趋同 Contrast in respect of : Worldview （宇宙观） Core values （核心价值观） Outlook on Arts 艺术观 Outlook on time （时间观） Modes of thinking （思维模式） Linguistic expression （语言表达） Plato柏拉图 Plato柏拉图 Plato’s distinction between the sensible world and the ideal world 柏拉图关于感觉世界与理念世界的区分 Plato’s Theory of Forms contrasts reality with phenomena; soul with body; knowledge with opinion; reason with sensation; and rationality with emotion. 柏拉图的理念论把实在和现象、灵魂和肉体、知识和意见、理性和感觉、理智和激情相对应。 Philosopher: Descartes （French Substance dualism （实体二元论）: matter vs. mind （物质与心灵） Descartes divided the world into extended