曼昆宏观经济学课件第七.pdfVIP

Chapter 7: Economic Growth I 1 of 60 Learning objectives • Understand Solow’s economic growth model. • See how a country’s standard of living depends on its saving and population growth rates. • Learn how to use the “Golden Rule” to find the optimal savings rate for a country and the resulting capital stock 2 of 60 The importance of economic growth …for poor countries © 2008 Worth Publishers Macroeconomics, European Edition Mankiw • Taylor 3 of 60 Selected poverty statistics • In the poorest one-fifth of all countries, – daily caloric intake is 1/3 lower than in the richest fifth – the infant mortality rate is 200 per 1000 births, compared to 4 per 1000 births in the richest fifth. • In Pakistan, 85% of people live on less than $2/day • One-quarter of the poorest countries have had famines during the past 3 decades. (none of the richest countries had famines) © 2008 Worth Publishers Macroeconomics, European Edition Mankiw • Taylor 4 of 60 Estimated effects of economic growth • A 10% increase in income is associated with a 6% decrease in infant mortality • Income growth also reduces poverty. Example: Growth and Poverty in Indonesia change in change in # of persons income per living below capita poverty line 1984-96 +76% -25% 1997-99 -12% +65% © 2008 Worth Publishers Macroeconomics, European Edition Mankiw • Taylor 5 of 60 Income and poverty in the world: Selected countries, 2000 100 Madagascar