平衡与姿势摘要.pptVIP

Balance and Posture Andrew L. McDonough 平衡和姿势 安得烈-麦克唐纳 What is Balance? Technically defined as the ability to maintain the center-of-gravity (COG) of an object within its base-of-support (BOS) 什么是平衡 学术上定义为物体在支撑面上保持重心稳定的能力。 Technically：adv.技术上，工艺上；学术上；专业上 What is Posture? The stereotypical alignment of body/limb segments Types Standing (static) Walking - running (dynamic) Sitting Lying Lifting 什么是姿势？ 身体或肢体的常规标准是： Types：类型；类型 Standing (static)：站（静态） Walking - running (dynamic);步行运行（动态 ) Sitting:坐 Lying：卧 Lifting：举起，抬起 Stereotypical：n.常规 Alignment：n.队列，排成直线；结盟；校直，调整；[工]准线 Limb：n.肢，翼；大树枝；分支；枝干 vt.割断……的四肢，肢解；砍树枝 Segments：n.部分（ segment的名词复数 ）；瓣；[计算机]（字符等的）分段；[动物学]节片 Relationship - Balance Posture Postural alignment (and the changes/adjustments made due to perturbations) is the way balance is maintained Maintaining the COG within the BOS If this relationship isn’t maintained then a system will be unbalanced 平衡和姿势的关系 姿势的调整（这种改变或干扰是由于干扰形成的）是保持平衡的方法。 通过支撑面保持重心 如果这种关系不保持然后系统将不平衡 Perturbations：干扰 Base of Support 支撑面 x - Vertical projection of COG：X-重心的垂直投影 Vertical ：adj.垂直的，竖立的 projection：n.预测；规划，设计；[心]投射；突起物 Transition - Static to Dynamic BOS Heel-to-heel distance will decrease Feet come together toward midline Toe-to-midline distance will decrease Reflects “toe-in” Overall effect - BOS narrows 静态到动态支撑面转变（过渡） 脚跟与脚跟的距离会减少 ---脚一起朝向中线 脚趾到中线的距离会减少 ---反应了脚趾 整体效果就是支撑面变小 Transition ：n.过渡，转变，变迁 The Effect of a Narrowed BOS Chances of COG falling within BOS decrease Subject becomes less (un-) balanced COG moves forward of BOS - precursor event to walking Foot will be advanced to extend the dynamic BOS 支撑面减小的影响 由于支撑面减小重心落点会改变。 ----物体变得失去平衡或不平衡 重心随着支撑面移动—走路的前提 脚会提前扩大动态的支撑面 Center-of-Gravity The point about which the mass is evenly distributed The balance point If an object is symmetrically loaded the COG will be at the geometric center 重心 质量均匀分布的点 平衡点 如果一个对象是对称载体，那么它的重心在其几何中心。 Center of Gravity of Human Limbs and Segments Limbs/segments are usually asymmetri