非完整统计在完全开放系统中的概率分布_论文.docVIP

宁夏大学硕士学位论文  摘要  摘要　 本文论述了传统广延统计物理的发展历史和所遇到的困难，为了解决这些困 难，１９８８ 年巴西物理学家查理斯（Ｃ．Ｔｓａｌｌｉｓ）受到分形理论的启发，在对熵优 化的基础之上，提出了 Ｔｓａｌｌｉｓ 熵，它继承了玻尔兹曼熵除非广延性外的所有性 质，经过许多科学家的努力，建立了非广延统计物理理论。非广延统计物理是广 延统计物理的延伸和拓展，能够解释广延统计物理无法解释的一些奇异实验现 象，对处理包含长程相互作用和具有长时记忆效应的复杂系统已显示出其优越 性，是当前国际基础物理研究的热点。　 到目前为至，非广延统计物理已经发展出许多分支，其中有 Ｔｓａｌｌｉｓ 统计， 非完整统计，ｑ 变形统计等。本论文主要以非完整统计为理论依据，分别以非完 整熵和变形的 Ｓｈａｎｎｏｎ 熵为基础，推导了完全开放系统中的统计分布（Ｎ－Ｅ－Ｖ 分 布）。完全开放系统是自然界最普遍的系统，微正则系统，正则系统，巨正则系统等 只是其的特殊情景。结论表明，从 Ｎ－Ｅ－Ｖ 分布中可以直接得出其他各种有用的分 布。　 与此同时，叙述了广义麦克斯韦速度分布律，解释了太阳中微子问题。　 关键字：非完整统计，完全开放系统，统计分布　 II 宁夏大学硕士学位论文  Abstract  　 Ａｂｓｔｒａｃｔ　 In this paper, the history of the traditional statistical physics and the difficulties of them are stated. In order to solve these problems, Tsallis, a physicist who is born in Brazil brings forward the so called Tsallis entropy, which inherits all characters of BG entropy except of its nonextensivity. After forward, nonextensive statistical physics was built by many scientists. Nonextensive statistical physics is the extension and deploitation of the extensive statistical physics. It can explain some abnormal experimental phenomena that cannot be explained by the theory of the extensive statistical physics. It proves that the superiority to deal with some complex systems which present long-range interactions and long-duration memory. At present, it is a hot problem in the basic physical research fields. So far, the nonextensive statistical physics has developed several branches such as Tsallis’statistics, incomplete statistics, q-deformed statistics, etc. Based on the frame work of incomplete statistics, the statistical distributions in completely open system are obtained from which the based of incomplete entropy and the deformed Shannon entropy respectively. The most normal system in the nature is the completely open system. The paticuar circumstances of the completely open system are microcanonical ensemble, canonical ensemble, grand canonical ensemble, and so on. The conclusion tells us that the rest useful