AdditionalDatabaseTopicsProfessorJ.AlbertoEspinosa.pptVIP

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * The four transaction properties are: Atomicity requires that all parts of a transaction must be completed or the transaction is aborted. This property ensures that the database will remain in a consistent state. Durability indicates that the database will be in a permanent consistent state after the execution of a transaction. In other words, once a consistent state is reached, it cannot be lost. Serializability means that a series of concurrent transactions will yield the same result as if they were executed one after another. Isolation means that the data required by an executing transaction cannot be accessed by any other transaction until the first transaction finishes. This property ensures data consistency for concurrently executing transactions. Transaction Log Is a special DBMS table that contains a description of all the database transactions executed by the DBMS It plays a key role in maintaining database concurrency control and integrity. The information stored in the transaction log is used by the DBMS to ROLLBACK the database after a transaction is aborted or after a system failure. The transaction log is often stored in a different hard disk or in a different media (tape) to prevent the failure caused by a media error. Concurrency What is concurrency? A common problem in computer systems occurs when a shared resource (e.g., screen display, hard disk, data file, database record) need to be used simultaneously by more than one device, application or user. In database, concurrency refers to the management of simultaneous access to a shared table, record or data element by more than one person, application or transaction in a multi-user environment (e.g., 100 data entry clerks entering data in the same table) This is managed by “locking” tables, records or individual data elements when necessary Wha