DatabaseSystemsDesign,Implementation,andManagemen.pptVIP

Database Systems: Design, Implementation, and ManagementCHAPTER 3 Entity Relationship (E-R) Modeling Chapter Objectives Understand basic modeling concepts Understand the entity relationship model Learn how to develop an E-R diagram Basic Modeling Concepts A data model is an abstract representation of the data requirement for business operations and decision making. It represents data entities and their characteristics, relationships among entities, and constraints on these relationships. The data model facilitates database design. It also serves as a communications tool to facilitate the interaction among the designer, the applications programmer, and the end user. Entity Relationship (E-R) modeling is popularly used to represent data models. Data Models: Degrees of Data Abstraction ANSI/SPARC proposed a three layered architecture for DBMS. Conceptual level (community view) Internal level (DBMS’s view) External level (user’s view) A physical level, describing actual physical implementation of data structures and access methods, can be added below the internal level. Corresponding data models will vary in their levels of abstraction. Data Models: Conceptual Model The Conceptual Model The conceptual model represents a global view of the organization’s data as viewed by all end-users of an information system. It describes all entities and their attributes, the relationships among these entities and the constraints on these relationships. The conceptual model forms the basis for the conceptual schema - a description of the database structure. The conceptual model is independent of both software (DBMS and OS) and hardware. The E-R model is the most widely used conceptual model Data Models:Internal Model The Internal Model The internal model adapts the conceptual model to a specific DBMS (e.g., hierarchical, network, and relational). The internal model is software-dependent but hardware-independent. Development of the internal model is especially important to hiera