DatabaseSystemsDesign,Implementation,andManagement.pptVIP

Database Systems: Design, Implementation, and Management CHAPTER 1 File Systems and Databases Chapter Objectives What a database is, what it does, and why database design is important How modern databases evolved from files and file systems Data management problems associated with a file system Advantages of using a database over a file system Functions of a database management system Five different types of database models Introducing the Database Data versus Information Data constitute building blocks of information Information produced by processing data Information reveals meaning of data Good, timely, relevant information key to decision making Good decision making key to organizational survival Database Management Database is shared, integrated computer structure housing: End user data Metadata Database Management System (DBMS) Manages Database structure Controls access to data Contains query language Importance of DBMS Makes data management more efficient and effective Query language allows quick answers to ad hoc queries Provides better access to more and better-managed data Promotes integrated view of organization’s operations Reduces the probability of inconsistent data Historical Roots Historical Roots File System Critique File System Data Management File systems require extensive programming in 3GL. As file systems become more complex, managing files gets more difficult. Security features are difficult to implement and are lacking. Changing requirements mandate changes in existing file structures. Programs accessing a file are subject to change when the file structure changes - More maintenance. File System Critique Structural and Data Dependence Structural Dependence A change in any file’s structure requires the modification of all programs using that file. Example:addition or deletion of a field Data Dependence A change in any file’s data characteristics requires changes of all data access programs. Data logical format (how human beings view) D