比较财政课件8.pptVIP

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 18-* CHAPTER 18 Personal Taxation and Behavior Copyright ? 2010 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. McGraw-Hill/Irwin Labor Supply Hours of leisure per week Income per week 0 T time endowment D |Slope| = w F G Leisure Work i ii iii E1 Income Effects of Taxation Hours of leisure per week Income per week 0 T D |Slope| = w F G ii iii E1 i I E2 |Slope| = (1-t)w H G’ Hours of work before tax Hours of work after tax Effects of Taxation Hours of leisure per week Income per week 0 T D F G ii iii E1 i J E3 H K Hours of work before tax Hours of work after tax Effects of Taxation Hours of leisure per week Income per week 0 T D F N E1 P E4 Hours of work before tax |Slope| = w |Slope| = (1-t1)w |Slope| = (1-t2)w |Slope| = (1-t2)w (1-t1)$5,000 (1-t1)$5,000 + (1-t2$5,000 Empirical Findings Eissa [2001] Males Females Some Caveats Demand-side considerations Individual versus group effects Other dimensions of labor supply The compensation package The expenditure side Labor Supply and Tax Revenues Hours per week Wage rate per hour SL w L0 (1-t1)w L1 d b a c (1-t2)w e f L2 k (1-t3)w h i L3 j (1-tA)w LA Tax Rates versus tax revenue – Laffer Curve Tax rate Tax revenue t1 t2 tA t3 Debate Over the Laffer Curve The Laffer curve and the elasticity of labor supply Where on the Laffer curve is the economy operating? Empirical estimates of the elasticity of labor supply Other ways tax rates can affect tax revenues Determining the optimal tax rate Saving Present consumption (c0) Future consumption c1 Endowment point I0 I1 M N ?Slope? = 1 + r E1 c0* c1* i ii iii Saving Deductible Interest Payments and Taxable Interest Receipts Present consumption (c0) Future consumption c1 I0 I1 M N After-tax budget line?Slope? = 1 + (1-t)r E1 c0* c1* Saving before tax Q P A c0t c1t Savingaftertax Deductible Interest Payments and Taxable Interest Receipts Present consumption (c0) Future consumption c1 I0 I1 M N After-tax budget line?Slope? = 1 + (1-t)r