13下半-细菌形态与生理精要.ppt

2.半固体培养基 In semisolid medium 无动力 有动力 3.固体培养基On solid medium 菌落colony: a colony is simply a collection of cells arising by multiplication of a single original cell or a small cluster of them colonies vary between bacterial species, and their shapes, sizes, opacities, surface markings and pigmentation may all be characteristic of the species in question, so these properties may be an aid in identification procedures. 纯培养 菌落类型(types of colony) (1)光滑型菌落(smooth colony) (2)粗糙型菌落(rough colony) (3)黏液型菌落 (mucoid colony) 纯培养(pure culture) ------a single cell must be isolated from other cells and cultivated in such a manner that its collective progeny also remain isolated. (四) 人工培养细菌的用途applications of artificial culture of bacteria 1 细菌研究和鉴定(investigation and identification of bacteria) 2 疾病诊断与防治(diagnosis and control of the diseases) 3生物制品制备(preparation of biological products) 4 在基因工程中的应用(applications in genetic engineering) * * SporeSize, shape and orientation(大小、形态、位置） attribute to identification of bacteria 功能： 增加了细菌对外界不良环境(抗生素、消毒剂、放射线等）的抵抗力。在自然界可存活多年。 （Functions: contribute to the high resistance of bacteria to antibiotics, most disinfectants, and physical agents such as radiation, boiling, and drying .They can survive up to hundreds of years in nature ） 原因：含水少；不通透；DPA;胞膜厚且致密 (reasons: Scarcity of water Impermeability of the spore coat existence of calcium-dipicolinate 医学意义(Medical significance) ： 灭菌的指标(to be concerned as the criterion of sterilization effect) destroy spore-------autoclave(高压灭菌） 在光镜下可见的特殊结构: 荚膜 鞭毛 需特殊染色 芽胞 在电镜下可见的特殊结构: 菌毛 四、真细菌的类群 （自学） Review questions Define the following terms: microorganism,L-form bacteria, mesosome, plasmid ,capsule, flagellum, pilus, spore Who was the first person to see microorganisms?when did this occur? Discuss Pasteur’s contributions to the field of microbiology. Discuss Koch’s