2010bilingual分子生物学10精要.ppt

Dynamic model of eukaryotic transcription: Gene transcription depends on the competition for DNA binding between histones and transcription factors. Prior to gene transcription, the chromatin structure can be changed, in which the partial or all of the histones in nucleosomes can be newly allocated, i.e. chromatin remodeling. Some transcription factors bind DNA, simultaneously releasing or displacing the histone octamer. Several cellular protein factors (e.g. chromatin remodeling enzymes) in different complexes participate the process of chromatin remodeling with the expenditure of energy via ATP hydrolysis. DNA methylation results in the conversion of the cytosine to 5-methylcytosine(5mC). The formation of 5mC is catalyzed by the enzyme DNA methyltransferas . 5mC in CpG islands of promoters can block the binding of transcription factors to DNA, so DNA methylation is associated with gene silencing. DNA methylation plays an important role in gene expression and regulation. The transcription activity of a methylated gene is lowered more than 100 times in comparison to its non-methylated form. The cell type-specific methylation patterns can be inherited. 2.基因组印记 ( genomic imprinting ) Genomic imprinting is a genetic phenomenon by which certain genes are expressed in a parent-of-origin-specific manner. It is an inheritance process independent of the classical Mendelian inheritance. Imprinted genes are either expressed only from the allele inherited from the mother or father. 基因组印记（genomic imprinting）指来自来自父源或母源（不同性别亲本）的等位基因在子代表达呈现差异，表现为双亲的两个等位基因中一个不表达或很少表达，这种父母方基因的差异在子代形成生殖细胞时被重新修饰而消除, 从而产生新印记，这种现象仅在哺乳动物中发现，在代与代之间可变。 3. DNA甲基化与人类基因组健康DNA methylation and human genomic health Total chromosome 8 aneuploidy events in BN and MONO cells LF :low folic acid HF: high folic acid LR:low riboflavin (Vit B2) HR:high riboflavin( Vit B2) Total chromosome 17 aneuploidy events in BN and MONO cells We concluded that (1) increased concentrations of folic acid abol