湘江水位-流量变化及水资源利用研究 毕业论文.docVIP

湘江水位-流量变化及水资源利用研究 摘要：河川径流作为水循环的重要环节，其变化受到气候变化和人类活动的双重影响，同时又是水资源综合开发利用、科学管理、优化调度最重要的基础。湘江河流流量大多来自降水，主要受降水的影响，但人类活动通过改变流域下垫面特征及大型水利工程建设对湘江径流过程造成影响，它起着负面减流的作用。由于湘江水位-流量的变化，流域出现季节性、区域性缺水现象，但造成旱情的原因不仅仅是自然原因，还包括多种人为原因，如水利设施破旧落后、水浪费严重、管理体制落后、水土流失严重等。本文采用文献参考法、历史分析法、数理统计法、比较法及综合分析法，得出了湘江水位、径流量的年内年际变化规律，并对其原因（自然原因和人为原因）进行了详细分析。由于河流水位、径流量的变化，使湖南省水资源呈现出时空分布不均的特点，针对此特点，本研究提出通过提高水资源利用率并增强节水意识、加强城镇乡村对雨水的利用、改善流域自然及人工蓄水能力等措施来改善流域水资源利用状况。 关键词：Research on the Water level - Flow change and utilization of water resources in Xiang river basin Abstract: River runoff as an important part of the water cycle, its change affected by climate change and the effects of human activity, is the foundation of the utilization, scientific management, scheduling of water resources. Xiang river flow mostly coming from precipitation is mainly affected by the precipitation. But human activities also have impacts on Xiang river runoff processes by altering the watershed characteristics and large surface water construction, which play a negative role and reduce the flow. Due to the change of water-flow, the seasonal and regional lacks of water occur in Xiang River basin. However, the reasons of the dry damage not only lie in nature, but also include a variety of artificial scarcities, such as old and backward water facilities, serious water waste, backward management system, water losses and soil erosion and so on. This article adopts the document reference method, historical analysis, statistical methods, comparative law and comprehensive analysis, and reaches the lows and reasons of water-runoff change during seasons and years in Xiang River. As the variation of the river level and runoff, water resources in Hunan province have the feature of unregulated distribution spatially and temporally. This study shows measures to improve the utilization of water resources, such as improving the rate of water resources utilization and enhancing water saving awareness, strengthening the urban and rural rainwater ha