毕业论文生物科学论文.doc

生物科学论文 三种甘蓝雄性不育类型花粉发育的细胞学观察 院 系 生命科学学院 专 业 生物科学 中文摘要 本实验利用光学显微和电子显微镜在细胞水平和亚细胞水平对三种我国研究和利用较多的甘蓝雄性不育类型进行了较为系统全面的雄性败育特征和时期分析。实验结果表明，隐性核不育类型主要败育时期为减数分裂期，主要败育特征为花粉母细胞期绒毡层细胞和中层细胞异常且异常特征在不同植株上表现不一致，四分后败育败育特征主要表现为绒毡层细胞活动异常,Abstract The microsporogenesis of three kinds of male sterility in Brassica oleracea Var. capitata were investigated by using light microscope(LM) and transmission electron microscope(TEM). Study here suggested that the first sign of significant phenotype of Ms-cr1 was abnormally developed tapetum and middle layer cells at the stage of meiosis. Free microspores did not form exine and degenerate soon after releasing from tetrads. In the Ogu CMS, the microspore disruption was closely correlated with occurrence of tapetal abnormal. After the completion of meiosis, the tapetum cells showed an abnormal increase in size and the released microspore with normal exine were squashed and degenerated soon.The development of microspores in Ms-cd1 was comparable to fertile plants up to the time of tetrad formation. After the completion of tetrads stage, the separation of microspores from each tetrad in the mutant was arrested .The microspores with developing bacula and tectum in Ms-cd1 still adhered together. The callosic wall of the mutant around the microspores degenerated much slower than that of wild type. The pollen mother cell wall surrounding the developing microspores in Ms-cd1 remained un-degenerated till very late pollen stage. Key words: cabbage(Brassica oleracea)，male sterility，cytological observation， microsporogenesis0引言 1 1 材料与方法 1 1.1 实验材料 1 1.2 实验方法 2 1.2.1光学半薄切片制备和观察 2 1.2.2透射电镜样品制备和观察 3 2 结果与分析 3 2.1 可育花药及小孢子发育 3 2.2 隐性核不育花药及小孢子发育过程 4 2.3 萝卜胞质不育花药及小孢子发育过程 5 2.4 显性核不育花药及小孢子发育过程 5 3 讨论 6 3.1 三种雄性不育类型花药发育的主要败育特征比较 6 3.2 药壁组织与小孢子的协调作用 7 4 小结 7 附录（一） 8 图1 正常可育花药发育过程光学显微观察 8 图2 正常可育花药发育电镜观察 9 图3 隐性不育花药发育过程光学显微观察 11 图4 隐性不育花药发育电镜观察 12 图5 Ogu萝卜胞质不育花药发育过程光学显微观察 14 图6 Ogu萝卜胞质不育花药发育电镜观察 15 图7 显性不育花药发育过程光学显微观察 16 图8