重庆大学,软件工程USDP精要.ppt

Introduction to the Unified Software Development Process (USDP) Zengyi College of Computer Science and Engineering, ChongQing University, Chongqing 40044, China E-mail: zyjckxx@ Tel:023o) http://www.zdnet.co.uk/tsearch/telelogic.htm 组件图 组件图描述了系统中组件与组件间的关系，表示组件之间的组织与依赖关系。组件图可以在一个非常高的层次上显示，从而仅显示粗粒度的组件，也可以在组件包层次上显示。 配置图 配置图描述了处理器、设备、软件组件在运行时的架构，它是系统拓扑的最终物理描述，即描述硬件单元和运行在硬件单元上的软件结构。它的用途是显示系统不同的组件将在何处物理地运行，以及它们之间如何彼此通信。 3. USDP （RUP）统一软件开发过程 1）为什么使用RUP？ Today, the trend in software is toward bigger, more complex systems better adapted to our needs. At the same time we want it faster, hence time to market becomes shorter. This requires new guidelines, methods, and tools for a controlled software development process. 2）USDP可以做什么？ provides guidance to the order of a teams activities; directs the tasks of individual developers and the team as a whole; specifies what artifacts（人工制品） should be developed; offers criteria(标准） for monitoring and measuring a projects products and activities. 3）USDP的定义 UML的表示和规则虽然能为系统进行面向对象的建模，但并没有指定运用UML的过程和方法。要成功的运用UML，必须遵循科学的建模过程，这就是统一软件开发过程，即RUP(Rational Unified Process)。 RUP 是一个软件工程化过程，即4个阶段10个过程，它提供了在开发组织中分派任务和责任的方法，目标是在规定的日程和预算前提下，确保产生满足用户需求的软件。 4）USDP/RUP的特征 USDP/RUP吸收了很多商业上证明成功的开发经验 USDP/RUP具有以下主要特征： 以用例驱动软件的设计、实现 以架构为中心（类、组件、子系统） 迭代和增量的软件开发 过程可配置，开发组织可根据项目情况定制该过程 USDP consists of the following activities/phases Requirments phase Analysis phase Design phase Implementation phase Test phase The USDP is use-case driven The USDP is iterative and incremental Developing a commercial software product is a large undertaking that may continue over several months or years. Hence, it is practical to divide the work into smaller slices or mini-projects. Each mini-project is an iteration (cycle) that results in an increment. Controlled iteration have several advantages, e.g. new user requirements can be included, controlling is easier, reduced risk to finish in time, etc. The USDP is iterative and incremental RU