小学英语语法(全).doc

名 词 表示某一事物，有具体的和抽象的之分。分为可数名词和不可数名词。强调：不可数名词都默认为单数，所以总是用is或者was；最好不要根据some、any、a lot of等词去作判 断，以免受误导。 1、可数名词如何变“复数形式”：a．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds ；读音：清辅音后读[s]，浊辅音和 元音后读[z]。b．以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches ；读音：[iz]。c．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries ；读音：[z]。d．以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives ，thief-thieves；读音：[z]。e．以“o”结尾的词，分两种情况 1）有生命的+es 读音：[z] 如：mango-mangoes tomato-tomatoes hero-heroes 2) 无生命的+s 读音：[z] 如：photo-photos radio-radios f. 不规则名词复数： man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, snowman-snowmen, mouse-mice, child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese ??2、不可数名词没有复数。如果要计算不可数名词所表达的数量，就得在数词和不可数名词之间加上“量 词+of”。例如：a glass of water, a piece of paper, a bottle of juice判断步骤：????????????????????????????????????????????????? ↗如是am、is或was→原形读句子→读该单词→认识该单词→理解意思→看be动词????????????????????????????????????????????????? ↘如是are或were→加s或es练一练：1、写出下列各词的复数。 I _________? him _________? this _______?? her ______???? watch _______?? mango_______child _______ photo ________ diary ______?? day________? foot________ dress ________ tooth_______ sheep ______?? box_______? strawberry _____ thief _______ engineer______ peach______? sandwich ______?? man______?? woman_______? leaf_______?? people________2、用所给名词的正确形式填空。（1）Are there two??????????????? ( box ) on the table?（2）I can see some???????????????? ( people ) in the cinema.（3）How many???????????????? ( day ) are there in a week?（4）Here’re five??????????????? ( bottle ) of????????????????? ( juice ) for you.（5）This??????????????? ( violin ) is hers. Those??????????????? ( grape ) are over there. 二、冠? 词 冠词是一种虚词，不能独立使用，通常放在名词的前面，分为“不定冠词”和“定冠词”两种。1、不定冠词：a、an。用在单数名词前，表示“一个，一件……”。an用在以元音“音素”开头的单词前。如： an e-mail, an orange, an old man, an English watch, an hour…2、定冠词：the。用在单数或者复数名词前。the没有具体意思，有时翻译为这、那。它的基本用法：? （1）