【中考第二轮复习】第8章被动语态.docVIP

第八章 被动语态语态是动词的一种形式，表示句子之中主语和谓语动词的关系。主动语态表示主语是动作的发出者(或执行者)；被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。只有及物动词才能用于被动语态。例如：例如：许多人都踢足球。Many people play football. （主动语态）Football is played by many people. （被动语态）一、被动语态的构成被动语态是由“be+过去分词”构成的，如果需强调动作或行为的发出者时，在其后接“by ...”，意为“被……”。这里be是助动词，必须与主语的人称和数相一致，并有时态的变 化(be有时也可以使用get, become等词来代替)。1.被动语态的句型肯定句：主语+be+过去分词+(by...)否定句：主语+be not+过去分词+(by...)一般疑问句：Be+主语+过去分词+(by...)?特殊问句：疑问词+be+过去分词+(by...)?这里be决定了被动语态的时态，be后面的过去分词没有变化。2.被动语态的八种时态(1)一般现在时：am (is, are)+过去分词Football is played all over the world.足球运动遍及全世界。English isnt spoken by people here.这里的人不说英语。(2)一般过去时：was (were)+过去分词These new books were published last month.这些新书是上个月刚出版的。Were these computers made in the U.S.A.?这些电脑是美国造的吗?(3)一般将来时：will be+过去分词Prof. Wang will be asked to attend the lecture.王教授将被邀请参加讲座。That film will be directed by Zhang Yimou.那部电影将由张艺谋执导。(4)现在进行时：am (is, are)+being+过去分词A new free way from Beijing to Shanghai is being built now.一条从北京到上海的新的高速公路正在建设之中。Im slowly being driven mad by the noise of passing plane.我正在慢慢地被过往飞机的噪音逼得发疯。(5)过去进行时：was (were)+being+过去分词The wounded was being operated by Prof. Wang this time yesterday.昨天这时候，那伤员正由王教授做手术。The car wasnt being repaired by me then.那时这辆车不是由我修的。(6)现在完成时：have (has)+been+过去分词The graduates in the university have been sent to work all over t he country.这所大学的毕业生已被派往全国各地工作。Has the bridge in Yangzhou been built?扬州的那座大桥建成了吗?(7)过去完成时：had+been+过去分词The bridge had been built by the end of 1998.那座桥1998年年底以前就建好了。Supper had not been cooked when I got there last time.上次我到那儿时，晚饭还没有做。(8)过去将来时：would+be+过去分词She told me that a new English teacher would be sent to our class in a week.她告诉我一周以后要给我们班派一位新的英语老师来。They asked the mayor what would be done to control the water pollution.他们问市长将采取什么措施控制水污染。3.由情态动词构成的被动语态这种被动语态的结构是：情态动词+be+过去分词The car she drove into the post cant be repaired.那辆她撞在电杆上的车修不好了。All these exercises must be finished before school is over.所有这些习题必须在放学以前做完。The music of the film may be composed by