钾素水平对绿豆产量及养分吸收积累的影响.docVIP

钾素水平对绿豆产量及养分吸收积累的影响 李莉1 展茗2 万正煌1 仲建锋1 陈宏伟1 (1.湖北省农科院作物所，武汉 430064武汉 4300，Li Li1, Zhan Ming2, Wan Zhenghuang1, Zhong Jianfeng1, Chen Hongwei1 (1Institute of Food Crops,Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Wuhan 430064; 2College of Plant Science and Technology,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China.) Abstract: Through the field experiment and the sampling analysis, effect of potassium application on N, P and K accumulation and yield component of mung bean was studied. The results indicated that there was a parabola regular pattern of the nutrient accumulation while the application rate of K increased. The total accumulation of K in the mung bean stems and pods increased with the application of potassium fertilizer, and the maximum was at 90-135 kg ha?1 K fertilizer.Compared to no K treatment,the average yield of the treatment with K2O rates 45,90,135 and 180kg/hm2 increased by 40.4%,44.4%,50.1% and 28.7%,and average K content in pods increased by 39.8%、80.5%、90.8% and 39.2%, total K uptake by the aboveground parts of mung bean average increased by 32.4%、39.2%、54.3% and 30.7%, respectively．The results illustrated that K application increased the yield. The regression equation is y=838.25+7.5979X-0.0354X2（R2=0.954）,show that proper potassium application could increase mung bean yield and inprove the utilization efficiency, but excessive amount of fertilizer application should reduce the fertilizer usage efficiency. Key words: Mung bean; K application; N，P and K; Yield 绿豆是湖北省丘陵和山地重要的杂粮作物之一，与其他作物相比具有生育期短、适播期长、适应性广等明显的生理生态优势［1］。绿豆中的蛋白质是全价蛋白质，人体必需直接从食物中摄取的八种氨基酸在绿豆中含量十分丰富，是人们理想的营养保健食品[2]。近年来随着人们生活水平提高，绿豆作为医食同源作物，其需求量和消费量呈现出日益增加趋势。 钾在作物生理代谢过程中功能特殊被赞誉为“品质元素”。钾在土壤中以 KCL、K2SO4、KNO3等盐类形式存在，在水中则解离成K+而被根吸收[3]。在所有元素中，钾是对作物健康影响最大的元素，试验证明，钾素营养充足的植株，通常能表现出较强的抗病和抵抗环境胁迫的能力。土壤中速效钾含量过低时，植物叶片的叶尖、叶缘处易出现黄绿色斑块，叶面凹凸不平，生长缓慢，株茎矮小不开张。当土壤中K过量时，会阻碍植物对N、Mg、Ca等元素的吸收和利用，钾被吸收后，在植株体内不形成稳定的化合物，因而移动性很强，具有随生长中心的转移而转移的特点，易引起各种生理性病害[4-7]。笔者通过田间试验测定不同生育期绿豆植株地上部分N、P、K吸收量，分析绿豆养分吸收特性及钾肥利用率，探讨绿豆