!!尚友制造!!第7-21天：托福阅读题型各个击破_new重点.doc

托福阅读题型各个击破——插空题 很多同学反映说，做阅读题时总是会遇到这样那样的错误，希望以下的内容可以帮助同学们了解阅读的题型和熟悉它们的解题方法，给大家的阅读提高带来帮助。 我们从托福中一种比较简单的题型开始，那就是句子插入题。 有OG的同学可以参考OG的第48页，仔细看下ETS对于这道题目考点的描写。核心就是书上说的：“不仅需要了解这篇文章的逻辑，还要了解句与句之间的语法联系（比如代词的指代）。” 下面我们就根据逻辑和语法联系来说一下插入题的解题思路。 首先，我们要了解插空题的关键——线索词。所谓线索词，就是能够让我们了解句子间逻辑或者语法联系的词。 一般线索词有以下几类： 第一类：代词，比如this, it, they 如果要插入的句子的有代词，可是代词所指代的内容又没有出现在句子本身，那么我们就可以根据代词的单复数等性质找到它指代的内容，再插入到该句之后。 Example: Where would the sentence best fit? This is a question that has puzzled scientists for ages. Extinct but already fully marine cetaceans are known from the fossil record. ■How was the gap between a walking mammal and a swimming whale bridged? ■Missing until recently were fossils clearly intermediate, or transitional, between land mammals and cetaceans.? ■Very exciting discoveries have finally allowed scientists to reconstruct the most likely origins of cetaceans. ■In 1979, a team looking for fossils in northern Pakistan found what proved to be the oldest fossil whale. 看到了this，明显指代的是前文所提到的内容。再根据句子后半部分a question that has puzzled scientists for ages, 了解到this的指代内容原来是个question, 并且是科学难题。再看原文四个插入点，第二个就明显很合适了。 第二类：名词，通常出现在句子中的形式为：this/these/such/another…+名词 如果句子中的线索词不是第一类的代词，而是像上面的这个形式，那么这个最后的名词就是我们的线索词，同学们要对于这个词保持敏感。这个名词一般会在原文已经出现过，我们要找到这个地方，再把句子插入适当的位置。 Example： Where would the sentence best fit? This economic reliance on livestock in certain regions makes large tracts of land susceptible to overgrazing.? ■ the raising of livestock is a major economic activity in semiarid lands, where grasses are generally the dominant type of natural vegetation. ■The consequences of an excessive number of livestock grazing in an area are the reduction of the vegetation cover and the trampling and pulverization of the soil. ■This is usually followed by the drying of the soil and accelerated erosion.■ 这里的线索词就是economic reliance,回去原文找根源，第二个插入口前面一句the raise of livestock is a major economic activity…，发现economic reliance就是major economic activity就是同义转换。 但是这个时候不要过于着急把句子插进第二个插入口，有可能作者在说这个topic的时候，用了几个句子来阐述，所以