国际支付与结算chapter10方案.pptVIP

Letter of Guarantee (1)Definition of Letter of Guarantee A bank guarantee is a written promise issued by a bank at the request of its customer, undertaking to make payment to the beneficiary within the limits of a stated sum of money in the event of default by the principal. 银行保函是银行根据申请人的请求，向受益人开立的、担保履行某项业务的、承担经济赔偿责任的书面承诺文件。 Chapter 10 Letter of Guarantee 保函作为第三者的信用凭证，其出具的目的是为了使受益者能够得到一种保证，以消除他对申请人是否具有履行某种合同义务的能力或决心的怀疑，从而促使交易顺利进行，保证货款和货物的正常交换，这是保函的基本功能之一。除此之外，保函还经常用来保证合约的正常履行、预付款的归还、贷款及利息的偿还、合同标的物的质量完好、被扣财产的保释，等等。 银行保函是银行有条件承担一定经济责任的契约文件。当申请人未能履行其所承诺的义务时，银行负有向受益人赔偿经济损失的责任。由于以银行信用代替或补充商业信用，保函的信用性更好，灵活性更强，因此被广泛地应用于国际结算的众多领域中，诸如贸易支付、工程承包、租金支付、资金借贷，等等。 Chapter 10 Letter of Guarantee (2) Parties of Letter of Guarantee 三个基本当事人 申请人（Applicant） 受益人（Beneficiary） 担保行（Guarantor） 还涉及：通知行（Advising）、保兑行（Confirming）、转开行（Reissuing Bank）、反担保人（Counter-guarantor） 你公司向银行贷款，另外一个公司为你向银行担保，你再给这个公司作个反担保。这样的文书叫反担保函 Chapter 10 Letter of Guarantee Principal委托人 the party to whom the contract has been awarded The principal will be claimed if he is in breach of his obligations． 委托人的权责是： （1）在担保人按照保函规定向受益人付款后，立即偿还担保人垫付的款项。 （2）负担保函项下一切费用及利息。 （3）担保人如果认为需要时，应预支部分或全部押金。 Chapter 10 Letter of Guarantee Guarantor担保人 The guarantor is a bank or financial institution that issues a letter to guarantee undertaking to make payment to the beneficiary in the event of default of the principal against the presentation of a written demand and other specified documents. 保函一经开出就有责任按照保函承诺条件，合理审慎地审核提交的包括索赔书在内的所有单据，向受益人付款。 在委托人不能立即偿还担保行已付之款情况下，有权处置押金、抵押品、担保品。如果出之后仍不足抵偿，则担保行有权向委托人追索不足部分。 Chapter 10 Letter of Guarantee Beneficiary受益人 Beneficiary is the party in whose favor the guarantee is issued. He is secured against the risk of the principal’s not fulfilling his obligations towards the beneficiary in respect of the underlying transaction for which the demand guarantee is given. 有权按保函的规定出具索款通知或连同其他单据，向担保人索取款项的人 Chapter 10 Letter of Guarantee Instructing party指示方 Sometimes, a bank or a financial in