中国大学生知识性失业成因详解.docVIP

中国大学生知识性失业成因及治理 ——基于工作搜寻理论框架的分析 江文秀 英文题目 Jiang, Wen xiu 2013年3月20日摘 要 从2006年到2012年我国大学生毕业数量将近增加270万人，但就业率却基本保持不变，意味着我国大学生面临严峻的知识性失业问题。本文通过构建简单大学生工作搜模型，深入分析大学生的工作搜寻行为发现造成这个问题的原因是多方面的：大学生过高的保留工资，用人单位较低的人力资源投资比例和对大学生过高的期望，主要劳动力市场和次要劳动力市场就业制度和社会保障的差别和教育的缺陷。大学生知识性失业问题的严峻性是不争的事实，针对原因提出了可行的解决对策：大学毕业生要了解自己,转变观念,树立就业信心；用人单位应加大人力资源成本投资，优化聘用体系，启动创业基金；高校必须优化专业设置，增强师资力量，加强就业指导；国家要加强经济建设，鼓励自主创业，规范劳动力市场，实行就业补贴。 关键字：大学生；知识性失业；工作搜寻理论 Abstract From 2006 to 2012, Chinas college graduates have increased nearly 2700000 people, but the employment rate has remained basically unchanged, which means that Chinas college students are facing a serious problem of intellectual unemployment. This paper, by constructing a simple job search model of college students, analysis the job search behavior of college students and found the causes of the problem are in many aspects: the reservation wage of college students is too high, the low human resources investment proportion in employing unit and of the high expectations, the difference between the major defect of labor market and the secondary labor market employment system, and the defects in social security and education. Serious students of knowledge unemployment problem is the fact that does not dispute. The paper put forward feasible countermeasures aiming at those reasons: university graduates should analyse their own objectively, change ideas, set up their employment confidence; the employer should increase the cost of human resources investment, optimize the employment system, and start a Venture Capital Fund; colleges and universities must optimize specialty, strengthen the teachers strength, strengthen employment guidance; countries should strengthen economic construction, encourage entrepreneurship, standardizing the labor market, and put employment subsidies into effect. Key words: Undergraduate 目 录 摘 要 - 1 - Abstract - 1 - 一、引 言 - 1 - （一）背景和意义 - 1 - （二）文献综述 - 1 - 1. 国内文献综述 - 1 - 2. 国外文献综述 - 2 - 二、工作搜寻理论及其基本模型 - 4 - 三、知识性失业成因分析