2011语言学第二章.ppt

Results of researches Monosyllabic word : cow, yes, etc. Polysyllabic word : worker, friendship, etc. A syllable must have a nucleus or peak, which is often the task of vowels. e.g. Rome However, sometimes it is also possible for a consonant to play the part of a nucleus. e.g. table The syllable structure pl ea se Onset( 节首) Rhyme (韵基) nucleus Coda CCC V C C C C Sonority scale (响音阶) Lupm, rpay, wqick These consonant combinations are disallowed. Why? The degree of sonority of different classes of sound affects their possible positions in the syllables. P. 70 The problem of consonant cluster J.C. Wells Syllabification and Allophony (1990) The main syllabification principle: ---subject to certain conditions (discussed below), consonants are syllabified with the more strongly stressed of two flanking syllables. Packet Selfish Happy Typing Note/ notation Attest/attestation pack.et self.ish happ.y typ. ing Note no.tation A.ttest /att.e.station 3. Intonation Intonation: Rhyme = listen to the speeches It covers pitch, stress and pause phenomena on a supra segmental level. It is the rise and fall in the level of voice which often adds meaning to what is being said. What’s intonation? The degree of loudness (pitch) The change in speech rhythm Carry information over and above that which is expressed by words themselves. Tone Jean，can you bring me the newspaper？ B：Sorry？（↗） Jean用升调说“Sorry”，其意思是“I didnt hear you．Could you say that again，please？” 2）A：Jean，can you bring me the newspaper？ B：Sorry．（\） Unable to help A：Are you Mr．Blake？ B：＼Yes． A：Room twenty-six． 在这个例子中，B用降调说“Yes”，表示B的认可，这是一个封闭式的回答，这表明如果A没有新的问题要问或新的信息要告知，也许他们的对话就可以结束了。 10）A：Are you Mr．Blake？ B：／Yes？ A：Ah，the secretary would like a word with you． 在这个例子中，B用升调回答“Yes”，表示这是一个开放式的回答，相当于：“Yes． But why do you ask？”或是“Yes．But who want to know？”之意。这也就是说，B在回答A的问题的同时又向A提出了一个新问题，并要求A予以回答。 Tone Listen to the tap