1-翻译概况分析.pptVIP

Chapter One By Mr. Deng duncanenglish@126.com February 22, 2014 Polysemy of “Translation” (1) translating → the process (2) a translation → the product (3) translation → combination of the above In Chinese, “翻译” is also a polysemic character. What is Translation? Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style (Eugene Nida,1969: 53) Peter Newmark (1988): Translation is… A science, which entails the knowledge and verification of the facts and the language that describes them; A skill, which calls for appropriate language and acceptable usage; An art; A matter of taste. Types of Translation (signs) Intralingual translation or rewording; Interlingual translation or translation proper Intersemiotic translation or transmutation Types of Translation (forms) Written interlingual translation Oral interlingual translation Machine translation CAT Types of Translation (extent) Full translation Partial translation (selective, adapted…) Translation plus editing Types of Translation (content) Literary translation Non-literary translation Brief history in China Han→ Tang Dynasty (Sutra translation ) Ming-Qing Period 1840-1919 May 4th Movement →1949 After the founding of P.R.C. Typical figures and events （1） 鸠摩罗什（东晋） 真谛（南朝） 玄奘（唐） 玄奘“既须求真，又须喻俗” 公元628年从长安出发赴天竺，17年后才回国 带回佛经657部 主持中国史上规模第一、组织最健全的译场 19年间译出佛经75部 第一个向国外译介汉语著作者（汉→梵） 据印度学者柏乐天和我国学者张建木的研究结果显示，玄奘运用了下列翻译技巧： 1）补充法（就是现在我们常说的增词法） 2）省略法（即我们现在常说的减词法） 3）变位法（即根据需要调整句序或词序） 4）分合法（大致与现在所说分译法和合译法相同） 5）译名假借法（即用另一种译名来改译常用的专门术语） 6）代词还原法（即把原来的代名词译成代名词所代的名词） Ming-Qing Period 1840-1919 1840-1919 Ming-Qing Period 严复在《天演论》(Thomas Huxley “Evolution and Ethics and other Essays”)卷首的《译例言》中提出翻译的“信、达、雅” 标准。 To pass beyond the Pillars of Hercules, that is, to sail out of the Strait of Gibraltar, was, in the ancient world, long considered as a most wonderful and dangerous expl