第一章 绪论database principle and application.pptVIP

1.4 Database Languages A database system provides a data-definition language to specify the database schema and a data-manipulation language to express database queries and updates. In practice, the data-definition and data-manipulation languages are not two separate languages; instead they simply form parts of a single database language, such as the widely used SQL language. * 1.4.1 Data-Manipulation Language A data-manipulation language ( DML ) is a language that enables users to access or manipulate data as organized by the appropriate data model. The types of access: ? Retrieval of information stored in the database ? Insertion of new information into the database ? Deletion of information from the database ? Modification of information stored in the database * 1.4.2 Data-Definition Language We specify a database schema by a set of definitions expressed by a special language called a data-definition language( DDL ). The DDL is also used to specify additional properties of the data. * Review Basic concept What’s data? What’s database? What’s DBMS? The functions of DBMS Data schema What’s Database schema? Three level schema Data independence * Database model What’s data model ? Three types of data model Data integrity Three types of integrity constraints Data language DDL DML 下课了。。。 * 休息。。。 * * * Information cant be affected by different forms of data representation with different carriers or devices. Information is the interpretation of the data. Data can be represented in different forms. Data is used to record the objective facts and to describe informations. * * * * * * * * A database may also have several schemas at the view level. * Steve Hoberman (born 1968) is an American computer scientist, data modeler, publisher and trainer, known for his work on data modelling, entitled Data and reality: a timeless perspective on perceiving and managing information in our imprecise world * * Since data elements document real life people, places and things and