金融英语货币供应与需求精要.pptxVIP

Part Two;Section One;Money supply refers to the whole process in which money is put into circulation, created, and expanded or contracted in a nation’s economy. The quantity of money supply is the total quantity of money used in various transactions in an economy at a given point of time. ;Some concepts of money supply;2, Nominal and real money supply a. Nominal money supply refers to the money stock at a given point of time without consideration of price level. b. Real money supply refers to the money stock at a given point of time corrected for inflation. Real money supply= ;3. Exogeneity and Endogeneity of money supply;The mechanism of money supply; A few preliminaries Reserves (R): the portion of deposits that banks have not lent. A bank’s liabilities include deposits, assets include reserves and outstanding loans. 100-percent-reserve banking: a system in which banks hold all deposits as reserves. Fractional-reserve banking: a system in which banks hold a fraction of their deposits as reserves.;;1. Money supply by commercial banks---Fractional-reserve banking;;;Finding the total amount of money:;Money creation in the banking system;2. money supply under the central bank;基础货币与货币供应The Monetary Base and Money Supply;Factors affecting Mb and K;Factors affecting the monetary base;;Factors affecting money multiplier; Factors affecting money supply; Factors affecting the money multiplier;Summary;Section Two;In economics, demand is the demand that has the capacity to make payments rather than subjective wish. The demand for money is the desired holding of financial assets in the form of money.;The implication of money demand; 举例来说，假设T0期时的货币需求为1000亿元，T1期时生产、流通规模和实际财富水平与T0期相比未变而物价却上涨了1倍；也就是说全社会的商品、劳务的名义价值增加了1倍。这时如果货币流通速度保持不变，货币存量必须增加1倍，以满足社会生产和流通的需要，即名义货币需求量由T0期时的1000亿元增加到T1期时的2000亿元。但这种增加只是适应物价上涨幅度在名义上的增加，就经济成长过程本身所提出的实际货币需求并没有变，仍然是1000亿