高中化学 公式大全素材.docVIP

化学公式大全 一、非金属单质(F2 ，Cl2 、 O2 、 S、 N2 、 P 、 C 、 Si)1.氧化性：F2 + H2 === 2HFF2 + Xe(过量) === XeF22F2(过量) + Xe === XeF4nF2 + 2M === 2MFn (表示大部分金属)2F2 + 2H2O === 4HF + O22F2 + 2NaOH === 2NaF + OF2 + H2OF2 + 2NaCl === 2NaF + Cl2F2 + 2NaBr === 2NaF + Br2F2 + 2NaI === 2NaF + I2F2 + Cl2(等体积) === 2ClF3F2 (过量) + Cl2 === 2ClF37F2(过量) + I2 === 2IF7Cl2 + H2 === 2HCl3Cl2 + 2P === 2PCl3Cl2 + PCl3 === PCl5Cl2 + 2Na === 2NaCl3Cl2 + 2Fe === 2FeCl3Cl2 + 2FeCl2 === 2FeCl3Cl2 + Cu === CuCl22Cl2 + 2NaBr === 2NaCl + Br2Cl2 + 2NaI === 2NaCl + I25Cl2 + I2 + 6H2O === 2HIO3 + 10HClCl2 + Na2S === 2NaCl + SCl2 + H2S === 2HCl + SCl2 + SO2 + 2H2O === H2SO4 + 2HClCl2 + H2O2 === 2HCl + O22O2 + 3Fe === Fe3O4O2 + K === KO2S + H2 === H2S2S + C === CS2S + Fe === FeSS + 2Cu === Cu2S3S + 2Al === Al2S3S + Zn === ZnSN2 + 3H2 === 2NH3N2 + 3Mg === Mg3N2N2 + 3Ca === Ca3N2N2 + 3Ba === Ba3N2N2 + 6Na === 2Na3NN2 + 6K === 2K3NN2 + 6Rb === 2Rb3NP2 + 6H2 === 4PH3P + 3Na === Na3P2P + 3Zn === Zn3P22.还原性S + O2 === SO2S + O2 === SO2S + 6HNO3(浓) === H2SO4 + 6NO2 + 2H2O3S + 4HNO3(稀) === 3SO2 + 4NO + 2H2ON2 + O2 === 2NO4P + 5O2 === P4O10(常写成P2O5)2P + 3X2 === 2PX3 (X表示F2，Cl2，Br2)PX3 + X2 === PX5P4 + 20HNO3(浓) === 4H3PO4 + 20NO2 + 4H2OC + 2F2 === CF4C + 2Cl2 === CCl42C + O2(少量) === 2COC + O2(足量) === CO2C + CO2 === 2COC + H2O === CO + H2(生成水煤气)2C + SiO2 === Si + 2CO(制得粗硅)Si(粗) + 2Cl2 === SiCl4(SiCl4 + 2H2 === Si(纯) + 4HCl)Si(粉) + O2 === SiO2Si + C === SiC(金刚砂)Si + 2NaOH + H2O === Na2SiO3 + 2H23(碱中)歧化Cl2 + H2O === HCl + HClO(加酸抑制歧化，加碱或光照促进歧化)Cl2 + 2NaOH === NaCl + NaClO + H2O2Cl2 + 2Ca(OH)2 === CaCl2 + Ca(ClO)2 + 2H2O3Cl2 + 6KOH(热浓) === 5KCl + KClO3 + 3H2O3S + 6NaOH === 2Na2S + Na2SO3 + 3H2O4P + 3KOH(浓) + 3H2O === PH3 + 3KH2PO211P + 15CuSO4 + 24H2O === 5Cu3P + 6H3PO4 + 15H2SO43C + CaO === CaC2 + CO3C + SiO2 === SiC + 2CO二、金属单质(Na，Mg，Al，Fe)的还原性2Na + H2 === 2NaH4Na + O2 === 2Na2O2Na2O + O2 === 2Na2O22Na + O2 === Na2O22Na + S === Na2S(爆炸)2Na