GRE阅读课件详细分解.docVIP

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  • 2016-06-07 发布于湖北
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Ⅰ 逻辑基础: 前提如何判断? because, for, as, due to, on account for, attribute to, by, in view of, given depend on, rely on, base on, …be responsible for, blame… for 结论如何判断? therefore, thus, so, hence, accordingly, consequently, as a result, for this reason, find, it follows that…, it can be inferred that… which indicates /demonstrates/shows/suggests/proves/means/implies that… 特殊前提和结论标志 1. 预设前提(前提肯定为真): know / since / presuppose /presumably 2. 假设(前提或结论真假不知): assume /hypothesize /posit / postulate 3. 条件句(真假不知) 逻辑推理 reasoning 演绎法:从一般到个别 / 前提真则结论真 归纳法:从个别到一般 / 从个别到个别 / 前提真结论不一定真 假说演绎: 已知 -- 假想 (实验/研究)-- 证明或证伪 – 解释差异 文章中的逻辑推理 (画每篇文章的逻辑图) 论题 topic 论点(结论) conclusion 论据(前提) premise 论证(逻辑推理)reasoning 论题如何判断? 1. 位置:注意开头句(或开头段) 2. 特点:事实陈述(讲个故事/提个人/讲个现象/提个问题)/ 解释个概念 / 老观点 3. 有时论题和论点合一 区分全文主论点/从论点/分论点 Ⅱ 快速阅读: 预判出题点 因果关系 举例论证 让步转折 比较关系 判断句 判断句 1. 注意系动词 2. 情态动词: can,cannot,may, might 3. 感情色彩词: adj., adv.,v., n. 4. 假言判断(条件句) 充分条件标志: if/when/provided/whenever/if only/every/all/any/in order to/to 必要条件标志: then/only/only if/must/have to/necessary/ require/ no, none(在句子开头) unless/except/until/without 举例论证 关键是确定论点位置 believe/claim/argue/maintain/insist /assert/ hold/ contend/emphasize/make the point be challenged / discredited/ undermined / obscured 列举:多个例子(a, b, and c) 让步转折 让步:虽然/尽管/诚然/的确/确实/似乎 转折: unfortunately but, yet,however in reality, actually,in fact nevertheless, nonetheless instead 比较关系 比较级 (no)more/less?-?-.than 类比as?-.as, the same as, similar to /parallel,analogous /share / both / common 对比 in contrast / be opposed to/ difference/respectively/ distinction / disparate / without / avoid 时间对比 其它 平行关系词:first, second, moreover 唯一性:only, sole(ly), unique(ly), exclusive(ly), alone 强调词:notably, surprisingly, especially/频率最高级(always, never), 程度最高级(foremost, uttermost)/ one feature, key characteristic 矛盾词:paradoxically, ironically, illogically,oddly,curiousl

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