无机及化学答案(第二版)第四章介绍.docVIP

第四章 酸碱平衡与酸碱滴定法 4-1．将300mL0.20 mol(L(1HAc溶液稀释到什么体积才能使解离度增加一倍。 解：设稀释到体积为V ，稀释后 由 得： 因为K(a =1.74(10(5 ca = 0.2 mol(L(1 caK(a 20K(w ca/K(a500 故由 1(2( =1(( 得 V =[300(4/1]mL =1200mL 此时仍有 caK(a20K(w ca/K(a500 。 4-2．奶油腐败后的分解产物之一为丁酸(C3H7COOH)，有恶臭。今有0.40L含0.20 mol(L(1丁酸的溶液， pH为2.50, 求丁酸的K(a。 解：pH=2.50 c(H+) =10(2.5 mol(L(1 ( =10(2.5/0.20 = 1.6(10(2 K(a= 4-3． What is the pH of a 0.025mol(L(1 solution of ammonium acetate at 25℃? pK(a of acetic acid at 25℃ is 4.76, pK(a of the ammonium ion at 25℃ is 9.25, pKw is 14.00. 解： c(H+)= pH= (logc(H+) = 7.00 4-4．已知下列各种弱酸的K(a值，求它们的共轭碱的K(b值，并比较各种碱的相对强弱。 (1)HCN K