《Copyright二零一六W.W.NortonCompany.Allrightsreser》.ppt

标识符 C程序是大小写敏感的语言 case-sensitive: 也即在标识符中它区分大小写字母. 比如, 下列标识符表示不同的标识符: job joB jOb jOB Job JoB JOb JOB Copyright ? 2008 W. W. Norton Company. All rights reserved. * 标识符 许多程序员只使用小写字母lower-case作为标识符，但宏除外, 用下划线分隔单词以示可读性: symbol_table current_page name_and_address 有些程序员在标识符内使用首字母大写每个单词: symbolTable currentPage nameAndAddress C 没有限制标识符的最大长度. Copyright ? 2008 W. W. Norton Company. All rights reserved. * 关键字Keywords 关键字不能作为标识符，C的关键字有: auto enum restrict* unsigned break extern return void case float short volatile char for signed while const goto sizeof _Bool* continue if static _Complex* default inline* struct _Imaginary* do int switch double long typedef else register union *C99 only Copyright ? 2008 W. W. Norton Company. All rights reserved. * 关键字Keywords 关键字(除了 _Bool, _Complex, 和 _Imaginary例外)必须用小写字母. 库函数的名字 (比如, printf) 也是小写. Copyright ? 2008 W. W. Norton Company. All rights reserved. * C程序的书写规范Layout of a C Program C程序是一串记号(tokens). 记号包括: 标识符Identifiers 关键字Keywords 操作符Operators 标点Punctuation 常量Constants 串文字(面量）String literals Copyright ? 2008 W. W. Norton Company. All rights reserved. * C程序的书写规范 语句 printf(Height: %d\n, height); 包含7个记号: printf Identifier ( Punctuation Height: %d\n String literal , Punctuation height Identifier ) Punctuation ; Punctuation Copyright ? 2008 W. W. Norton Company. All rights reserved. * C程序的书写规范 C程序中记号之间的空格数量通常没有严格要求. 作为一个例子, 记号可以被堆砌在一起，他们之间没有空格, 例外是定义类型的空格是必须的: /* Converts a Fahrenheit temperature to Celsius */ #include stdio.h #define FREEZING_PT 32.0f #define SCALE_FACTOR (5.0f/9.0f) int main(void){float fahrenheit,celsius;printf( Enter Fahrenheit temperature: );scanf(%f, fahrenheit); celsius=(fahrenheit-FREEZING_PT)*SCALE_FACTOR; printf(Celsius equivalent: %.1f\n, celsius);return 0;} Copyright ? 2008 W. W. Norton Company. All rights reserved. * C程序的书写规范 整个程序不可能放在