探析雅思写作衔接手段的评分标准.docxVIP

智课网IELTS备考资料 探析雅思写作衔接手段的评分标准   在官方公布的 雅思 写作 评分描述中有一项Coherence and Cohesion 。这一项是涉及要点最多，却最为广大教学工作者和学生所忽视的一项。该项目涉及三大要点：文章信息点安排(information and ideas organization)、衔接手段(cohesive device)和分段(paragraphing).其中分段在 雅思写作 大作文的5分至7分的评分描述中被重点强调。  本文将重点关注该项目中所提到的Cohesive Device:(衔接手段)。  Coherence and Cohesion 的7分第二条原文：  Uses a range of cohesive devices appropriately although there may be some uner-/over-use  6分第二条原文为：  Uses cohesive devices effectively, but cohesion within and/or between sentences may be faulty or mechanical;  6分第三条提到：  May not always use referencing clearly or appropriately  与之对应的5分第二条为：  Makes inadequate, inaccurate or over-use of cohesive devices  5 分第三条为：  May be repetitive because of lack of referencing and substitution  由以上所涉及到的原文可以看出，referencing(指代关系)和substitution(替代)都是cohesive device(衔接手段)的表现，而且是确定分值的重要参考标准。  那么这里反复提到的Cohesive Device(衔接手段)究竟是什么呢?  Cohesive Device:(衔接手段)定义：  能使信息的逻辑关系更清晰的各种英语字符。  逻辑关系主要涉及：并列或递进关系、让步或转折关系、因果关系和举列。  具体来看，可分成以下三类：  Lexical aspect:(词汇方面)  Linking word(连词)：  并列或递进关系：and; also; too; or; Besides; furthermore; moreover; likewise; meanwhile等  让步或转折关系：but; however; whereas; nonetheless; nevertheless; although; though; otherwise; yet; rather; despite; rather等  因果关系：because; so; since; for; so; thus; therefore; thereby;  举例：like  Linking phrase(短语)：  并列或递进关系：not only…but also; as well as; either…or; in addition; apart from that; beyond that  让步或转折关系: even though; in spite of; on the other hand; on the contrary; in contrast; instead of， It is true that…;  因果关系: now that; in that; due to; owing to; as a result (of); in that case  举例：for example; for instance; in particular; such as; just as  Adverb (副词)：  并列或递进关系：additionally; similarly; alternatively;  让步或转折关系: surprisingly; admit