Chapter7Electrochemistry资料.ppt

Chapter 7 Electrochemistry（电化学） New Words electrochemistry: oxidation number valence redox oxidizing agent reducing agent ion electron New Words balance Electrode Half - cell Half – reaction Electrode potential 7.1 Some Basic Concepts Oxidation number and valence（化合价）: Redox reaction: Electrochemical cell: Balancing redox reactions How to compare the strength of oxidizing agent and reducing agent Conjugate redox pairs 1.Oxidation Number and Valence Oxidation number: refers to the number of apparent charges an atom would have in a molecule. valence: refers to the loss or gain of electrons, transfer of electrons. In most cases, oxidation number = valence but: CrO5, Fe3O4 2.Redox Reaction Redox reaction: the reaction that electrons are transferred from one object to another, and oxidation numbers change (increase or decrease) The loss of electrons →oxidation number increase→ oxidized→ reducing agent e.g. active metal, H2, C The gain of electrons →oxidation number decrease→ reduced→ oxidizing agent e.g. active nonmetal 2.Redox Reaction Notice: ⑴ Oxidation is always accompanied by reduction; ⑵ The number of electrons lost by oxidation reaction is always equal to the number of electrons gained by reduction reaction. 3.Electrochemical Cell Electrochemistry: the area of chemistry that deals with the interconversion of electrical energy and chemical energy. In this unit we’ll discuss electrochemical cell(原电池) and electrolytic cell(电解池) . electrical chemical energy energy 3.Electrochemical Cell Electrochemical cell (galvanic cell, voltaic cell)(原电池): the experimental apparatus that can convert the chemical energy into the electrical energy. Electrochemical cell: uses the energy released from a spontaneous redox reaction to generate electricity. Electrochemical cell is