Dielectric_constant.docVIP

Properties of microwave dielectrics In microwave technique, a large variety of materials are used, including dielectrics. The measurement of the dielectric properties of microwave materials is not only helpful in understanding the structural information and studying the microwave characteristics but also designing microwave devices. The aim of this experiment is to understand the property of resonant cavities, and to learn the principle and method for measuring the complex dielectric constant of materials. Principle According to the theory of electromagnetic field, a dielectric in alternating electric field will be rotational polarized, and it relaxes during the polarization. So its dielectric constant is a complex number, which can be expressed as follows: where ε’ and ε” are the real part and imagine part of the complex dielectric constant. Due to relaxation of the dielectric in alternating electric field, the electric displacement vector in the dielectric has a phase hysteresis of an angel δ in respective to that outside the dielectric. The phase angle δ can be calculated from the following equation: . tgδ is called the dissipation factor or tangent-of-dissipation-angle, because the energy dissipation in dielectrics is proportional to tgδ. Selecting a TE10n rectangle resonant cavity with n an old number, generally taken to be 3, and make a small hole at the center (x=a/2, z=l/2), where the electric field is Fig.1 The sample cavity maximal, and magnetic field is minimal. The dielectric to be measured is processed to be a long and thin rod, and inserted into the cavity through the small hole. As the dielectric rod is very small, the distribution of the electromagnetic field in the whole cavity is kept almost unchanged except near the dielectric rod. Therefore the dielectric rod can be regarded as a micro disturbance to the field distribution of the cavity. According to the theory of micro disturbance of resonant cavity, one obtains [1]: Fig.2 The r