能量释放率理论教程.doc

Chapter Three Energy release rate theory Energy release rate G is another important concept in fracture mechanics. There is a relationship between G and K. One is known. Another can also be known. Sometime, it is difficult to obtain K factor. However, it is perhaps easy to calculate G. §3-1 Concept of energy release rate 1. Basic concepts (1) Strain energy Work done by the external force is changed to the strain energy stored in the elastic deformation. The strain energy can be released and the elastic deformation then disappears. Strain energy density w: strain energy per unit volume. , (for linear elastic body) Total strain energy U (Internal force potential): total energy stored in the volume V (2) External force potential UP: the negative value of virtual work done by the external force. Assume that the body force is and the surface force is on the stress boundary. The external force potential is (3) Total potential ?: 2. Energy release rate G The body force , the surface force on and the displacement on are given. Assume that the crack size is changed from a to a+?a. Accordingly, the displacement, strain, stress, stain energy density, internal force potential, external force potential and total potential are also changed. The total potential is changed to . is the increment caused by the crack growth . Assume that the plate thickness is t. denotes the single surface area increment. The energy release rate G is defined as If the plate thickness t is a constant, the energy release rate G is 3. Constant force and constant displacement conditions (1) Constant force condition A plate with a crack is applied by a constant force F as shown in Fig. 3.1(b). The external force virtual work W and external force potential UP, respectively, are , The total strain energy U (internal force potential) is Then, the total potential ? is Now, ，. The energy release rate G under the constant force condition can be written as ，for constant F. In this case, , t