8-厌氧菌和动物源性细菌.ppt

Transmission Clinical syndrome Who is at risk Cutaneous anthrax Injured skin or mucous membranes inoculated by spores from the soil or a contaminated animal or carcass Skin infection begins as a raised itchy bump and within 1-2 days develops into a vesicle and then a painless ulcer, usually 1-3 cm in diameter, with a characteristic black necrotic area in the center. Lymph glands in the adjacent area may swell. People in endemic areas in contact with infected animals of contaminated soils; people who work with animals materials (hides, fur, wool, hair) imported from endemic area, such as farmers, veterinarians, knackers, butchers and laboratorians. Intestinal anthrax The ingestion of poorly cooked meat or milk from infected animals Initial signs of nausea, loss of appetite, vomiting, and fever are followed by abdominal pain, vomiting of blood, and severe diarrhea. Pulmonary anthrax Inhalation of spore-containing dust where animal hair or hides are being handled begins abruptly with high fever and chest pain, progresses rapidly to a systemic hemorrhagic pathology Bacillus Cereus蜡样芽胞杆菌 B. cereus food poisoning results from the ingestion of preformed enterotoxins, producing predominantly vomiting and diarrhea. The vomiting form is most often associated with ingestion of a heat stable toxin from contaminated rice, while the diarrheal form is most often associated with ingestion of a heat labile toxin from contaminated meat or vegetables Bacillus Food Poisoning Two Distinct Types Diarrheal type diarrhea and abdominal pain 8 to 16 hours after consumption of the contaminated food Associated with a variety of foods, including meat and vegetable dishes, sauces, pastas, desserts, and dairy products Emetic呕吐 disease nausea and vomiting begin 1 to 5 hours after the contaminated food is eaten Boiled rice that is held for prolonged periods at ambient temperature and then quick-fried before serving is the usual offender, although dairy products or other foods are occasiona