水利水电工程专业英语——水文与水资源篇教程.docxVIP

水利水电工程专业英语——水文与水资源篇 1. Hydrological Cycle and Budget 1.水文循环与预算 Hydrology is an earth science. It encompasses the occurrence, distribution, movement, and properties of the waters of the earth and their environmental relations. Closely allied fields include geology, climatology, meteorology and oceanography. 水文学是一门地球科学。它包含地球水资源的发生、分布、运动和特质，以及其环境关系。与之密切相关领域包括地质学，气候学，气象学和海洋学。 The hydrologic cycle is a continuous process by which water is transported from the oceans to the atmosphere to the land and back to the sea. Many sub-cycles exist. The evaporation of inland water and its subsequent precipitation over land before returning to the ocean is one example. The driving force for the global water transport system is provided by the sun, which furnishes the energy required for evaporation. Note that the water quality also changes during passage through the cycle; for example, sea water is converted to fresh water through evaporation. 水文循环是一个连续的过程，在这个过程中水从海洋被运输到大气中，降落到陆地，然后回到海洋。有很多子循环存在。内陆水域的蒸发机器后在回到海洋前在陆地上的将于就是一个例子。全球水运输系统的运行动力由太阳提供，通过蒸发这个过程赋予水运动能量。需要注意的是，水质在水循环通道中也会改变，比如，海水在蒸发后就会转变成淡水。 The complete water cycle is global in nature. World water problems require studies on regional, national, international, continental, and global scales. Practical significance of the fact that the total supply of fresh water available to the earth is limited and very small compared with the salt water content of the oceans has received little attention. Thus waters flowing in one country cannot be available at the same time for use in other regions of the world. Modern hydrologists are obligated to cope with problems requiring definition in varying scales of significant order of magnitude difference. In addition, developing techniques to control weather must receive careful attention, since climatological changes in one area can profoundly affect the hydrology and therefore the water resources of other regions. 完整的水循环在自然界中是全球性的。世界水问题需要在区域，国家，国际，洲际和全球范围的研究。地球上可利用的淡水总量与海洋中的咸水相比是有限的，并且非常少，这个重要