10特异性免疫应答的特点摘要.pptVIP

* 耐受原的清除 * 自身抗原结构发生改变 * 隐蔽抗原的释放 * 交叉抗原的侵入 免疫耐受的终止 免疫耐受的生物学意义 免疫耐受是机体免疫系统识别自己与非己的基础，即免疫系统在建立对自身抗原耐受的基础上，才能识别并排斥异己抗原，从而维持自身环境的稳定。 免 疫 耐 受 超敏反应 自身免疫病 移植排斥 反应 某些感染 肿 瘤 免疫耐受的临床意义 + - * 多种特性：特异，获得，排他，多样，记忆，转移，耐受等。 * 激活，增殖，抗体，CTL；为什么是特异性？无论是在免疫应答的启动阶段，活化增殖阶段，以及效应阶段的特异性，请看下图。 * 克隆选择学说告诉我们，T,B细胞经过发育成熟，最终是体内存在有各种能特异性识别别外来抗原的淋巴细胞。因此，特异性的本质都是TCR,BCR特异性识别抗原多肽，为什么，TCR,BCR的种类如此众多呢？这要从他们的基因结构讲起。 * 所谓胚系基因，从父母处获得的基因，受精卵中的基因。 * * TCR基因重排 β和δ链基因重排同VH基因 α和γ链基因重排同VL基因 * The T cell receptor resembles a membrane-bound Fab fragment. * * * 1957年Burnet的克隆丢失学说（clonal deletion theory） * 1953年Medawar设计并建立了同种移植耐受试验 * * This is central lymphoid organs (thymus or bone marrow). The lymphocytes which recognize self antigens present in central lymphoid organs are deleted by apoptosis. Only those lymphocytes not responsive to self antigens present in central lymphoid organs are negatively selected to further develop to be mature and leave the central lymphoid organs into the peripheral lymphoid tissues. Because not all of the self antigens are expressed in central lymphoid organs such as tissue specific antigens( brain, heart and liver), so the lymphocytes specific for these self antigens can escape the negative selection in central lymphoid organs and enter into the periphery. If these autoreactive T cells recognize self antigens in peripheral tissue, they will be deleted or become angey or be suppressed, while the T cells which recognize foreign antigen can be activated to proliferate and differentiate and finally eliminate the foreign antigen. * * First we shoud know what is genetic mouse. We can introduce……. The gene is introduced into the mouse is HEL( hen egg lysosome). interbreeding The manufacture of transgenic mouse is to introduce….. HEL gene is introduced into one mouse, so the immune system encounter HEL before birth, so recognize HEL as self. anti-HEL BCR gene is introduced into another mouse, so the transgenic mouse express HEL-specific Ig on B cells. Then the interbreeding of