COBOL论文译-093303-张爽.docVIP

Improving Program Productivity Using The COPY OBJECTIVES To familiarize you with: The COPY statement for copying parts of a program that are stored in a library. CONTENTS Introduction Entries that Can Be Copied An Example The Full Format for the COPY Statement INTRODUCTION: A COPY statement is used to bring into a program a series of prewritten COBOL entries that have been stored in a library. Copying entries from a library, rather than coding them, has the following benefits: (1) it could save a programmer a considerable amount of coding and debugging time; (2) it promotes program standardization since all programs that copy entries from a library will be using common data-names and/or procedures; (3) it reduces the time it takes to make modifications and reduces duplication of effort; if a change needs to be made to a data entry, it can be made just one in the library without the need to alter individual programs; and (4) library entries are extensively annotated so that they are meaningful to all users; this annotation results in better-documented programs and systems. Most often, the COPY statement is used to copy FD and 01 entries that define and describe files and records. In addition, standard modules to be used in the PROCEDURE DIVISION of several programs may also be stored in a library and copied as needed. Organizations that have large databases or files that are shared make frequent use of libraries from which entries are copied. Students may also find that file and record description entries for test data for programming assignments have been stored in a library, which may then be copied when needed. Each computer has its own machine-dependent operating system commands for creating and accessing a library. You will need to check you computer center for the required entries. ENTRIES THAT CAN BE COPIED: With the COPY statement, you may include prewritten ENVIRONMENT, DATA, or PROCEDURE DIVISION entries in your source programs as follows: ENVIRONMENT DIVIS