利用稀硫酸处理玉米秸秆的研究讲述.doc

中文摘要 为了解决能源危机与环境污染这两个重要问题，人们正在努力寻找替代化石燃料的新能源，以降低对不可再生能源的依赖。作为农业大国，我国的秸秆等农业废弃物生物质产量丰富，但大部分都被露天焚烧处理，造成严重的资源浪费和环境污染。秸秆的主要组成是三大天然高分子化合物，即纤维素、半纤维素、木质素；建立一种高效的组分分离，进而对其进行高附加值转化利用，是木质纤维素生物质资源开发重要方向，且具有良好的社会经济效益。 本论文以玉米秸秆主要原料，研究了木质纤维素主要组分分离的工艺。本文分别研究了玉米秸秆的稀硫酸水解和浓硫酸水解。国内利用稀硫酸处理玉米秸秆的研究较少，本文在固液比固定条件下，使用水热反应釜研究了玉米秸秆的稀硫酸水解，考察硫酸浓度、温度、时间对水解的影响；硫酸用50%乙醇水溶液配置，以使木质素溶解在乙醇中；对实验结果采取了单因素分析法和正交分析法，确定了实验条件范围的最优组合。浓硫酸水解实验通过对稀硫酸溶液加热浓缩提高浓度，在室温、常压下长时间静置进行玉米秸秆的浓硫酸水解；对比浓硫酸水解实验与稀硫酸水解实验的结果，浓硫酸水解实验得到较多的粗纤维素与糖类物质，稀硫酸水解实验得到较多的木质素。根据实验结果与参考文献，本文对稀硫酸水解这一最经济可行的方案，提出了进一步优化实验设计的建议。 关键词：玉米秸秆 木质纤维素 硫酸 组分分离 The separation of?cellulose,?hemicellulose and?lignin?in corn straw Abstract In order to?solve?the two problems?of energy crisis and environmental pollution,peopl- e are trying to find new energy sources to replace fossil fuels, to reduce dependence on non-renewable energy.As a large agricultural country,?Chinas production of straw and other agricultural waste biomass is rich,?but most of them?are open burning?treatment,causing serious waste of resources and environmental pollution.Straw is the main composition of the three natural macromolecular compounds, namely cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin;to establish a highly efficient separation of components, and then carries on the transformation of high value-added use,?is lignocellulosic biomass resource development important direction,and has good social and economic benefits. This paper?studied?the main raw material?of corn stalk,?lignocellulose is?the separation of the components of?the law.This paper studied the dilute sulfuric acid hydrolysis and concentrated sulfuric acid hydrolysis of corn straw.The domestic use of dilute sulphuric acid treatment of corn straw research is less, In this paper, under the condition of solid-liquid ratio fixed, using hydrothermal?reaction kettle of corn stalk dilute sulphuric acid hydrolysis was studied,Investigation of sulfuric acid concentration, temperature and time on the hydrolysis effect.Sulfuric acid with 50% e