专业课及专业英语试题汇编.docVIP

2012年心血管内科硕/博士研究生专业课及专业英语试题 专业部分 名词解释 1.高血压危象2.变异型心绞痛.舒张性心力衰竭.尖端扭转型室性心动过速心肌顿抑percutaneous?coronary?intervention 7.SSS 二、填空题 1.收缩压高低主要取决于____________、____________；舒张压主要取决于____________。2.列举五种继发性高血压的病因：____________、____________、________________________、____________3.急性广泛下壁心肌梗塞患者于起病后三天在心尖区闻及收缩中晚期喀喇音和吹风样粗糙收缩杂音，应考虑合并____________。.感染性心内膜炎的周围体征包括：____________、____________、________________________、____________、____________5.心脏压塞征象的主要临床表现为____________、____________、______________________。6.心房纤颤临床听诊特点为____________、____________、____________。.预激综合征的主要心电图为____________、________ __ __、____________。8.快速性心律失常的发生机制：____________、____________、____________。.根据临床表现高血压急症可分为：____________、____________、____________10.房颤的治疗包括____________、____________和____________三个方面。目前降压药可归纳为以下类，即____________，____________，____________，____________，____________。简述AMI静脉溶栓疗法的禁忌证和再通指征。试述洋地黄应用的适应证、禁忌证、毒性反应。简述急性冠脉综合征的定义机制，处理原则抗心律失常药物按其作用机制分为几型?每型列举两种常用药。急性左心衰。 Heart failure is usually due to myocardial damage but may also be the consequence of arrhythmia or mechanical complications such as mitral regurgitation or ventricular septal defect. Heart failure during the acute phase of STEMI is associated with a poor short and long-term prognosis. The clinical features are those of breathlessness, sinus tachycardia, a third heart sound, and pulmonary rales, which are basal, but may extend throughout both lung fields. The degree of failure may be categorized according to the Killip classification: class 1, no rales or third heart sound; class 2, pulmonary congestion with rales over 50% of the lung fields or third heart sound; class 3, pulmonary oedema with rales over 50% of the lung fields; class 4, shock. 心力衰竭通常是由于心肌损伤引起,但也可能是由心律失常或二尖瓣返流或心室中隔缺损等机械并发症造成的结果。急性心肌梗死期间的心力衰竭与近远期预后不佳有关。心力衰竭的基础临床特征是呼吸困难,窦性心动过速,第三心音和肺罗音,但可能在两肺领域扩展。依据Killip分级，心力衰竭可以分为以下几类:1,没有肺啰音或第三心音;2,肺充血超过50%并伴随肺啰音,或第三心音;3,肺部水超过50%并伴随肺啰音;4,房颤。 答案 1、高血压危象：是指高血压患者在短期内，血压明显升高，并出现头痛、烦躁、心悸、多汗、恶心、呕吐、面色苍白或潮红、视力模糊等征象。高血压危象发生的机制是交感神经活性亢进和循环儿茶酚胺过多。收缩压可高达