Kiowa基奥瓦人概述.pptxVIP

Kiowa基奥瓦人;A Brief Introduction of Kiowa;nomadic hunter gatherer society游牧狩猎采集社会 The most important food source: the American bison or buffalo 美国野牛或水牛 Other foods : deer, elk, pronghorn(叉角羚), wild mustang（野马）, wild turkey, and bears. Most of the hunting was done by men in Kiowa society. Women were responsible for gathering wild edibles（野生食物）such as berries（浆果）, tubers（块茎）, seeds, nuts, vegetables, and wild fruit but could choose to hunt if they wanted to. ;Elk and Buffalo Grazing among Prairie Flowers 1846-48, painted by George Catlin in Texas.; Traditional culture ----Transportation and Habitation;Horse : The Kiowa were considered among the finest horsemen in history along with other plains Indians such as the Comanche and Cheyenne. a mans wealth was measured primarily by size of his horse herd with particularly wealthy individuals having herds numbering in the hundreds. Horses became a much targeted object during raids, capturing and stealing horses from enemies was considered a great honor to Kiowa warriors and often served as a rite of passage for young warriors. ;the first calendar keeper in their tribe was Little Bluff, who was the principal chief of the tribe from 1833 to 1866. the Kiowa calendar system is unique recording two events for each year, offering a finer-grained record of the passage of time and twice as many entries for any given period.;Traditional culture ----Kiowa calendars; In the 17th century , the Kiowa inhabited west Montana(蒙大纳州) In 1700, they had moved to an area southeast of the Yellowstone River. Here they came into contact with the Crow Indians(克劳族) who gave the Kiowa permission to settle in the Black Hills . While living there, they acquired the horse , probably from the Crow . After the invading Cheyenne(夏安族) and the Sioux(苏族) drove the Kiowa from the Black Hills , they were forced to move south to Wichita Mountains.;. In 1790,afte a bloody war, the Kiowa reached a permanent peace