8.1(电气工及其自动化专业英语)ppt_().docVIP

Unit 8 Computer Network and Networked Control 计算机网络和网络控制8.1 Introduction to Computer network A computer network is a group of computers connected to each other electronically. This means that the computers can talk to each other and that every computer in the network can send information to the others. A computer network allows user to exchange data quickly, access and share resources including equipments, application software, and information. Data communications systems are the electronic systems that transmit data over communications lines from one location to another. You might use data communications through your microcomputer to send information to a friend using another computer. You might work for an organization whose computer system is spread throughout a building, or even throughout the country or world. That is, all the parts—input and output units, processor, and storage devices—are in different places and linked by communications. Or you might use telecommunications lines—telephone lines—to tap into information located in an outside data bank. You could then transmit it to your microcomputer for your own reworking and analysis. To attach to a network, a special-purpose hardware component is used to handle all the transmission. The hardware is called a network adapter card or network interface card (NIC), it is a printed circuit board plugged into a computers bus, and a cable connects it to a network medium. Communications networks differ in geographical size. There are three important types: Local Area Networks (LANs), Metropolitan Area Networks (MANs), and Wide Area Networks (WANs). （1）Local Area Networks (LANs) Networks with computers and peripheral devices in close physical proximity—within the same building, for instance—are called local area networks (LANs). Linked by cable-telephone, coaxial, or fiber optic. LANs often use a bus form organization. In a LANs, people can share different equipments, which lower the cost of equipments. LANs may be