海水的物理性质分解.pptVIP

Review The shape and size of the earth Pear-shaped; average radius(6371km);rotation rate (7.3×10-5s-1); L(1°) ?111.13km; L(1′) ?1.852km; 1 nautical mile(海里)=1.852km; 1kts(节）=1nautical mile/hour=0.51m/s Distribution of Ocean and Land Land and water are not uniformly distributed on the surface of the earth §2 海水的物理性质Physical Properties of Sea Water 2.1 Water Most common substance on the earth’s surface Ocean water makes up 98% of water inventory 96.5% is water, 3.5% is salt and dissolved minerals Accumulated on the surface from mass degassing of earth’s interior… still happening, but much less Only substance that exists naturally in all three states in the normal temperature range of earth Solid, Liquid, and Gas ?? 溶解力强：水分子有很强的极性 2.2.1 Temperature Measurement Absolute Temperature T Unit: Kelvin (K) t [℃] = T [K]-273.15 The practical temperature scale (1887, 1927, 1948, 1968, and 1990) ITS-90: the International Temperature Scale of 1990 ITS-68: the International Temperature Scale of 1968 At 0℃　they are the same, and above ℃ its-90 is slightly cooler. t90－t68 = -0.002 at 10 ℃; -0.005 at 20 ℃, -0.007 at 30 ℃ and -0.010 at 40 ℃. t90=0.99976 t68; t68=1.00024 t90 2.2.2 Salnity 99% of all the salt ions in the sea are sodium (Na+), chlorine (Cl-), sulfate (SO4-2), Magnesium (Mg+2), calcium (Ca+2) and potassium (K+). Definition of Salinity Principle of constant proportion states that the absolute amount of salt in sea water varies, but the relative proportions of the ions is constant. Because of this principle, it is necessary to test for only one salt ion, usually chlorine, to determine the total amount of salt present. 1) 传统的盐度定义(1902)：??? 1kg海水中将(Br-,I-)以氯置换，碳酸盐分解为氧化物,有机物全部氧化,所余固体物质的总克数。(480度加热48小时） ??? 利用海水组成恒定性，测定出其中某一主要成分的含量，便可推算出海水盐度。 Salinity Based on Chlorinity 电导温度Salinity Based on Conductivity(1969) Measuring Salinity Evaporate Easy to do, but residue is complex Titration Traditional method prior to mid-’60’s Determine chlorinity and use empirical formu