本科毕业论使用文__基于单片机的步进电机的细分控制器的设计初版.doc

基于单片机的步进电机的细分控制器的设计 摘要 步进电机是一种将电脉冲信号转换成相应的角位移或线位移的机电元件，具有易于开环控制、无积累误差等优点，在众多领域获得了广泛的应用。步进电机的运行品质既与电机的本体性能有关，也与驱动器和控制器的性能有关。一般步进电机的运行噪声大，控制精度低，无法满足很多场合下较高运行品质的要求，因此实现步进电机的细分控制可以较大地改善步进电机的系统性能。本课题在总结和归纳多种步进电机细分控制技术的基础上，设计完成了基于单片机的步进电机细分控制系统。 细分驱动技术是一种能有效改善步进电机低频特性和提高步进精度的驱动技术。广泛应用于对工况要求较高的场合，尤其在一些要求高精度、低噪音、低振动的系统中，细分驱动成为步进电机驱动的首选驱动技术。 本文先介绍了三相步进电机的结构和工作原理，然后在对步进电机细分驱动技术和单片机研究的基础上，分析了细分驱动对于改善步进电机运行性能的作用，该方案中电流细分技术基本上克服了传统步进电机低速振动大和噪音大的缺点，减小发生共振的几率。该方案能避免其它相绕组的感应电压和绕组电流的漂移带来的误差，提高了细分精度。本文采用控制电路主要由AT89C51单片机、晶振电路、地址锁存器、译码器、EEPROM存储器及可编程键盘/显示控制器Intel-8279等组成，单片机是控制系统的核心。采用IR2130功率驱动芯片作为步进电机的功率驱动器件。文中对整个系统的架构及硬件电路和驱动软件的实现都做了详细的介绍。 关键词　单片机；步进电机；细分控制 Design of Stepper Motor Subdivision Controller Based on Microcontroller Abstract Stepper motor is a kind of electromechanical component that is driven in step angle or line displacement by electric pulse signal. Because of having the advantage of easy open-loop control and no accumulating error，stepper motor is being applied widely in many fields . As an integrated system including with both stepping motor and driver，its quality of operation is depended on the performance of motor，driver and controller .Generally，the noise of the stepping motor is great，and control precision is low，which can＇t meet request of the high running quality in many situations . So the performance is improved in stepping motor operation through realizing the subdivision operation of stepping motor. This topic in summarizes various stepping motor subdivision control technology, on the basis of these technology, completed the design of stepping motor subdivision system based on single-chip microcomputer The stepper motor’s micro-stepping driver is a kind of driving technology that can effectively improve the step precision and characteristic of low frequency. It is mostly used when the equipments require high-precision，low noise or low vibration system, and it is being a more and more popular driving technology. In this paper，the working principle and c