无主句的翻译.ppt

Abstract: In Chinese, there is a type of sentences known as non-subject sentences and it is quite often used. For instance, “下雨了。” “估计这需要十万美元。 ” “小心轻放。? ” ， etc. However, there is no non-subject sentence in English. Therefore, in translation we have to translate Chinese non-subject sentences into various English sentences. Non-subject sentence The most often used techniques 运用倒装句式 运用英语的被动结构 采用祈使句式 译成英语的存在句there be 采用形式主语it 适当主语的增补 1.祈使句imperative sentence Imperative sentences exist in both English and Chinese.So when translating Chinese imperative sentence, you can translate accordingly. 鉴于英语中也有祈使句,主语也同样不出现,汉语中的祈使句在英译时可以照译不误. Sentenses that give order or forbid are always without subject.These sentences are often appeared in law, illustration, orders, etc. 指令句型order和禁令句型forbidden有很多是无主句。这些句子经常用于法律文书、说明文书、实验指南、招牌说明、包装物的指示说明以及各种指令等文体。英语的祈使句通常也可以用于指令和禁令的表达。因此，指令型和禁令型无主句中有许多可以译成英语的祈使句。 eg. 1. 请勿践踏草坪! Please keep off the lawn! 2.宁为鸡首，不为牛后。 Better be the head of an ass than the tail of a a horse. 3. 打得赢就打，打不赢就走 Fight when you can win, and move away when you cannot. 4. 小心轻放 Handle with care. 2. 被动句 passive sentence 采用英语被动结果翻译的汉语无主句一般有三种情况。 1.某些表示规定和要求的无主句 eg. 公共场所禁止吸烟。 Smoking is forbidden in public places. 必须清除行政管理中的官僚现象。 The administrative management must be cleansed of bureaucracy. 要广泛动员中小学生学习科普知识。 Primary school and high school students should be mobilized to learn popular science knowledge. 2. 某些表示事物存在，出现的无主句。 eg.在晚会上，邀请一位外国老师为我们唱几 首民歌。 At the party, a foreign teacher was requested to sing some folk songs for us. 在合同中，详细规定了双方必须履行的 各种条件。 In the contract, all kinds of conditions which both sides should follow were laid down in a detail. 3. 有些句子突出宾语部分，在翻译时可以不用补出主语而用原句中的宾语来充当主语。 eg. 成都新改建的府南河两岸将修建许多草坪和居民大楼。 Plenty of lawns and apartment houses will be built along bo