核力与结合能、核裂变(双语教学)解答.ppt

Nuclear Force and Binding Energy＆Nuclear Fission Darren 2014年2月28日 电子 原子核 质子（proton）—带正电 中子（neutron）—不带电 原子数量级：10﹣10m 原子核数量级：10﹣14m 原子核为什么不因为质子之间相互作用的电磁斥力而分裂？？？？ Four Fundamental Forces： Gravitation （gravity） FS＞ FE ＞FW ＞ FG 核力约为电磁力的100多倍。 电磁力约为万有引力的1035倍 Electromagnetic force Strong interaction (nuclear force) [作用范围：R＜1.5×10﹣15m] Weak interaction [作用范围：R＜1.0×10﹣18m] The Nuclear Force 核力 The nuclear force, also called the strong force, acts between nucleons（核子） that are close together, as they are in a nucleus. Characteristics of nuclear force（核力的特点）: The range of the strong force is short, only about the radius of a proton, 1.5×10﹣15m. （核力是短程力） It is attractive and is of the same strength among nucleons. （核力是引力，与电荷无关） The nuclear force acts between nucleons that are only close together. It calls the Saturation of Nuclear Force. （核力只作用于相邻的少数核子，具有饱和性） Stability of the nucleus 稳定曲线 A B C A: Light nucleus： have about equal numbers of protons and neutrons. Nuclear force is greater than the electromagnetic force ，the nucleus is stable. B: Medium-quality nucleus: neutron number is greater than the number of protons. By increasing the number of neutrons to increase the nuclear force , and thus maintain a stable nucleus . C: Heavy nucleus: continue to increase the number of neutrons , nuclear force disappeared, and the nuclear is unstable. （radioactive decay） Binding Energy 结合能 Energy Equivalent of Mass： E=mc2 （Mass-Energy Equation 质能方程 ） The energy contained in matter is equal to the mass times the square of the speed of light in a vacuum. （包含在物质里的能量等于质量乘以真空中的光速的平方。） Einstein showed that mass and energy are equivalent, so the binding energy can be expressed in the form of an equivalent amount of mass, according to the following equation. 按人的体重60kg计算，人的潜能有多大？？？？？ 60kg的人具有的能量为540×1016J ，约合3.38×1037 MeV，约合1.65×1015 t碳完全燃烧时释放出来的能量！约合6×108 t