TheVisceralNervousSystem课题.ppt

Visceral Nervous System The Visceral Nervous System Composition Visceral motor nerves (autonomic nervous system自主神经系统 ) Visceral sensory nerves Visceral motor nerves The differences between somatic motor and visceral motor n. Sympathetic part 交感部 Lower center 低级中枢 located in lateral horn of gray mater of spinal cord in segments T1~L3 Paravertebral ganglia 椎旁节 Number: Consist of 19~22 ganglia cervical ganglia ：3 thoracic ganglia： 10~12 lumbar ganglia： 4 sacral ganglia： 2~3 Coccygeal ganglion （Ganglion impar 奇神经节） 1 unpaired on the anterior face of coccyx Sympathetic trunk 交感干 Formation: It is formed by paravertebral ganglia and interganglionic branches Prevertebral ganglia 椎前节 Celiac ganglion 腹腔神经节 Aorticorenal ganglion 主动脉肾节 Superior mesenteric ganglion 肠系膜上神经节 Inferior mesenteric ganglion 肠系膜下神经节 The general distribution of sympathatic nerve The cervical part of sympathatic trunk The general distribution of sympathatic nerve The cervical part of sympathatic trunk Formed by preganglionic fibers from L1~L4 ganglia, and relay in prevertebral ganglia. The postganglionic fibers supply descending and sigmoid colon, rectum, pelvic viscera and lower limbs. Distribution of sympathetic nerve Parasympathetic par副交感部 Lower center 低级中枢: Parasympathetic part 副交感部 (1) 由中脑的动眼神经副核发出的节前纤维，随动眼神经入眶后到达睫状神经节内换神经元，节后纤维支配瞳孔括约肌和睫状肌。 (2) 由脑桥的上泌涎核发出的节前纤维，随面神经，一部分至翼腭神经节换神经元，节后纤维分布至泪腺、鼻腔及腭部粘膜的腺体。另一部分经鼓索加入舌神经至下颌下神经节换神经元，节后纤维分布于下颌下腺、舌下腺及口腔粘膜的腺体。 (3) 由延髓的下泌涎核发出的节前纤维随舌咽神经，经鼓室神经到鼓室丛，由丛发出岩小神经至耳神经节换神经元，节后纤维经耳颞神经分布于腮腺。 (4) 由延髓的迷走神经背核发出的节前纤维，加入迷走神经，随迷走神经的分支到达胸、腹腔脏器附近或壁内的副交感神经节换神经元，节后纤维分布于心、肺、肝、脾、胰、肾及结肠左曲以上的消化管。 Sacral portion 骶部 骶部副交感神经 由脊髓第2~4骶段的骶副交感核发出的节前纤维，随骶神经前支出骶前孔，离开骶神经构成盆内脏神经（pelvic splanchnic nerves）加入盆丛，随盆丛分支分布到盆部脏器附近或脏器壁内的副交感神经节换神经元，节后纤维支配结肠左曲以下的消化管和盆腔脏器 Main differences between sympathetic and parasympathetic Visceral plexuses Cardiac plexuses 心丛 - Superfici