Chapter_III_Word-Formation讲课.ppt

Chapter III Word-Formation Teaching Contents ＊The Basic Terms: 1 Compounding 2 Derivation 3 Conversion ＊The Basic Theories: 1 The features and types of compounds 2 The classification and characteristics of prefixes and sufffixes 3 The major types of conversion Key Points ＊Definition of Compounding ＊Criteria used to distinguish compounds from phrases ＊Formation of compounds ＊Pruductivity of compounds ＊Definition of derivation ＊Formation of derivatives ＊Characteristics of derivatives ＊Definition of conversion ＊Features of words formed by conversion ＊Partial conversion ＆ Complete conversion Difficult Points ＊Distinguishing compounds from phrases ＊Classification of derivational affixes Questions 1 What are relative criteria of a compound? 2 How are the major living prefixes classsified? 3 What is the difference between conversion and suffixation? Compounding 1. bedroom (solid) reading-room (hyphenated) dining room (open) 2. flowerpot flower-pot flower pot ★Compounding or composition is a word –formation process consisting of joining two or more bases to form a new unit, a compound word (a compound). Criteria Used to Distinguish Compounds from Phrases ⅠOrthographic Criterion: solid hyphenated→ a compound toothpick(牙签) shoelace (鞋带) upgrade (上升，升级) after-effect（后效，副作用） show-off（炫耀） world-famous（闻名世界的） Ⅱ Phonological Criterion: compound accent (′＿ ＿ ) (′＿ 、＿ ) → a compound phrase accent(、＿ ′＿ ) → a phrase ′space rocket （宇宙火箭） (a compound) ′blue ﹑bottle (绿头大苍蝇) (a compound) a﹑blue′bottle (蓝色的瓶子) （a phrase） Exceptions: phrase accent level stress→ a compound 、red ′tape (官样文章) (a compound) inverted ′comma（引号） (a compound) ′short-′sighted （近视的） (a compound) Ⅲ Semantic criterion: a single idea→ a compound mother wit (天生的智力) Indian paper （字典纸） dog days （暑天） Classification of Compounds 1. Noun compounds 1) Subject and verb crybaby(爱哭的孩子)→the