Chap 3 Bsic Equation of Fluid Flow.docVIP

Chapter 3 Basic Equations of Fluid Flow 3.1 Description of Fluid Motion/流体运动的描述 3.1.1 Lagrange Method ( Particle Method ) /拉格朗日方法（质点法） Method：Describe the variation of the physical parameters of each particle (fluid parcel) with time , such as displacement、velocity、acceleration、pressure、density、temperature. hydrokinetic Distinguishing of different particle：by the coordinates of particle（a，b，c）at the beginning. Similarly, for arbitrary physical parameter The method is rarely used because of the difficulty in deriving the function . 3.1.2 Euler Method ( Field Method ) /欧拉方法（场方法） Method：Describe the variation of the physical parameters of fluid in a fixed flow field with time, such as displacement、velocity、acceleration、pressure、density、temperature. For arbitrary physical parameter For velocity or For a fixed field, section or point, Euler method is usually used. For example, a weather map at any instant can be drawn with Euler method for weather forecast. 3.1.3 Particle Differentiation/ 质点导数 The physical parameters of particle are differentiated with respect to time. Only Euler method is discussed here. or in which ----Local differentiation that is caused by unsteady flow ----Transfer differentiation that is caused by position change of particle because of nonuniform flow field or the motion of particle. Meaning：A connection is made between Lagrange method and Euler method If is , Discuss ax at x axis in the following figure. If the free surface goes down in the water tank, why? If H is a constant ∵ , ∴ If H is a constant and the water pipe is a cylinder. ∵ ∴ 3.2 Basic Concepts for Description of Fluid Motion/描述流体运动的一些基本概念 3.2.1 Classifications of Flow/流动的分类 According to the number of independent coordinates Discuss the flow in a cylinder 2D flow is regarded as 1D flow when the changes of physical parameters at any point on the same section are neglected. According to whether the physi