electricfeild(电场)讲课.ppt

E-Field Lines Caution: Outward normal: positive To closed surface Open surface: direction of n is arbitrary Force line leaving the enclosed volume, flux positive, entering it negative P 488 § 20.3 Guass’s law Statement P 489 2) suppose a point charge is in any interior point of a close surface suppose a point charge is in the center of a sphere surface Simple proof Flux depends on solid angle 3) q outside the surface 4) many charges （collection of charges) （distribution of charges) Guass’s law P 490 Caution: 1) physics meaning:Source field，field line begin from positive, ends at negat