汽车变速器的机械CAD图纸设计.doc

摘 要 关键词  Abstract Auto transmission is the main component of the transmission agent, it’s main effect is to transfer the torque from engine to the primary retarder, and in which process the torque is changed, is to expand the scope and speed to adapt different driving conditions by changing gear ratio. We set up the neutral position to interrupt the power transmission, set up the reverse position, so the vehicle can drive back. This paper elaborates on the transmission design of Light Truck CA1050, Which use the existing production as a design prototype. It have finished an independent design to meet the requirements of the three-axle five positioned transmission, in the condition of given engine output torque and rotate speed.,vehicle maximum speed and highest gradient. In the design, the major content is the choice and determine of every position ratio, the choice of gear parameters, the choice and the calculate of the intermediate axle and the output axle, the choice of bearings, basing on the known parameters. The main parameters of transmission have been checked, including the strength of geares, the transmission shafts’ strength and stiffness , bearing life. The results show that the whole performance meet the requirement Key words Transmission;Intermediate Axle; Design ;Gear ratio; Gear 目 录 2.2 变速器传动机构布置方案 2.2.1 倒档布置方案 图2.1为常见的倒档布置方案。图2.1b方案的优点是倒档利用了一档齿轮，缩短了中间轴的长度。但换档时有两对齿轮同时进入啮合，使换档困难。图2.1c方案能获得较大的倒档传动比，缺点是换档程序不合理。图2.1d方案对2.1c的缺点做了修改。图2.1e所示方案是将一、倒档齿轮做成一体，将其齿宽加长。图2.1f所示方案适用于全部齿轮副均为常啮合的齿轮，档换更为轻便。为了缩短变速器轴向长度，倒档传动采用图2.1g所示方案。缺点是一、倒档各用一根变速器拨叉轴，使变速器上盖中的操纵机构复杂一些。 本设计结合实际车型，在给定的任务书中已经确定是中间轴式变速器，全部齿轮为常啮合齿轮，所以综合考虑，本身设计选择图2.1（b）形式进行设计。 图2.1 倒档布置方案 2.2.2 零部件结构方案分析 1、齿轮形式 变速器用齿轮有直齿圆柱齿轮和斜齿圆柱齿轮两种。直齿圆柱齿轮仅用于一档和倒档。与直齿圆柱齿轮相比，斜齿圆柱齿轮有使用寿命长、运转平稳、工作噪声低等优点，所以本设计倒挡选用直齿轮，其他挡选用斜齿轮。 2、换挡机构 变速器换档机构有直齿滑动齿轮、啮合套和同步器换档三种形式。 采用轴向滑动直齿齿轮换档，会在轮齿端面产生冲击，齿轮端部磨损加剧并过早损坏，并伴随着噪声。因此，除一档、倒档外已很少使用。 常啮合齿轮可用移动啮合套换档。因承受换档冲击载荷的接合齿齿数多，啮合套不会过