生理学中枢神经汇总.ppt

Central nervous system中枢神经系统 郑州大学医学院解剖教研室 概述 脊髓 下端位置：成人L1/儿童L3 外形：脊髓圆锥+终丝=马尾 Enlargements: Cervical enlargement 颈膨大: C4→T1 Lumbosacral enlargement 腰骶膨大: L2→S3 Fissure and sulci 节段 共31个节段 8 Cervical 12 Thoracic 5 Lumbar 5 Sacral 1 Coccygeal Internal structures Gray matter Anterior horn (column) 前角（柱） Posterior horn (column)后角（柱） Intermediate zone 中间带 Lateral horn (column) 侧角（柱） White matter白质 Anterior funiculus 前索 lateral funiculus 外侧索 Posterior funiculus 后索 Central canal 中央管 肌萎缩性侧索硬化症 White matter White matter contains three kinds of fibers: ascending, descending, and fasciculus proprius Main functions Conduction of excitations Reflex activity Brain stem Ventral surface 延髓Medulla oblongata: Pyramid 锥体 Decussation of pyramid锥体交叉 Olive橄榄 脑桥Pons： Basilar sulcus 基底沟 Bulbopontine sulcus延髓脑桥沟 Pontocerebellar trigone脑桥小脑三角 中脑Midbrain： Crus cerebri 大脑脚底 Interpeduncular fossa 脚间窝 Posterior perforated substance 后穿质 Dorsal surface 延髓Medulla oblongata: Gracile tubercle薄束结节 Cuneate tubercle楔束结节 Inferior cerebellar peduncle 小脑下脚 脑桥Pons： Superior cerebellar peduncle 小脑上脚 Superior medullary velum 前髓帆 Trochlear nerve 滑车神经 中脑Midbrain： Superior colliculus 上丘 Inferior colliculus 下丘 Brachium of superior colliculi 上丘臂 Brachium of inferior colliculi 下丘臂 Fourth ventricle 第四脑室 脉络丛 Internal structures White matter Gray matter Cranial nerve nuclei Relay nuclei 黑质 substantia nigra White matter Ascending tracts Medial lemniscus 内侧丘系 Spinal lemniscus脊髓丘系 Trigeminal lemniscus 三叉丘系 Descending tracts pyramidal tract 锥体束 The Cerebellum 间脑 下丘脑 Hypothalamus Third ventricle Sulci and lobes Basal nuclei 基底核 White matter 联络纤维Association fibers 连合纤维 Commissural fibers 投射纤维Projection fibers 内囊 Internal capsule Lateral ventricle 侧脑室 脑脊液循环 The meninges of spinal cord 腰穿 硬脑膜 Cerebral arachnoid mater脑蛛网膜 Arteries of brain Two sources Internal carotid artery: supplies anterior 2/3 of cerebral hemisphere and parts of di